Objective-C Library Development

Objective-C-specific patterns for library and framework development. This skill extends lang-objc-dev with framework tooling, API design patterns, and ecosystem practices for creating reusable components.

This Skill Extends

• lang-objc-dev - Foundational Objective-C patterns (classes, protocols, categories, memory management)

For general Objective-C syntax, memory management, and Foundation framework usage, see the foundational skill first.

This Skill Adds

• Framework tooling: Xcode framework projects, umbrella headers, module maps
• API design: Public/private header organization, protocol-driven design, category patterns
• Testing: XCTest for libraries, dependency injection, mocking strategies
• Documentation: HeaderDoc, appledoc, inline documentation
• Distribution: CocoaPods, Carthage, Swift Package Manager integration

This Skill Does NOT Cover

• General Objective-C patterns - see lang-objc-dev
• Swift interoperability - see lang-swift-objc-bridge-dev
• iOS/macOS application development - see platform-specific skills
• Advanced design patterns - see lang-objc-patterns-dev

---

Quick Reference

Task	Command/Tool
New framework	Xcode: File > New > Project > Framework
Build framework	xcodebuild -scheme MyFramework build
Run tests	xcodebuild test -scheme MyFramework
CocoaPods spec	pod spec create MyLibrary
Validate podspec	pod lib lint MyLibrary.podspec
Publish to CocoaPods	pod trunk push MyLibrary.podspec
Carthage build	carthage build --no-skip-current
SPM build	swift build
Generate docs	appledoc --project-name MyLib *.h

---

Framework Project Structure

Standard Framework Layout

MyLibrary.framework/
├── MyLibrary.xcodeproj
├── MyLibrary/
│   ├── MyLibrary.h          # Umbrella header
│   ├── Info.plist
│   ├── Public/              # Public headers
│   │   ├── MLPublicClass.h
│   │   ├── MLProtocol.h
│   │   └── MLConstants.h
│   ├── Private/             # Private headers (not exported)
│   │   └── MLInternal.h
│   └── Implementation/      # .m files
│       ├── MLPublicClass.m
│       └── MLPrivateHelper.m
├── MyLibraryTests/
│   └── MyLibraryTests.m
├── MyLibrary.podspec
├── Cartfile
├── Package.swift
├── README.md
├── CHANGELOG.md
└── LICENSE

Umbrella Header

// MyLibrary.h - Umbrella header that imports all public headers
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

//! Project version number for MyLibrary.
FOUNDATION_EXPORT double MyLibraryVersionNumber;

//! Project version string for MyLibrary.
FOUNDATION_EXPORT const unsigned char MyLibraryVersionString[];

// Public headers
#import <MyLibrary/MLPublicClass.h>
#import <MyLibrary/MLProtocol.h>
#import <MyLibrary/MLConstants.h>
#import <MyLibrary/MLCategories.h>

Header Visibility Configuration

In Xcode target settings:

Build Phases > Headers
├── Public       # Exported headers (API)
│   ├── MyLibrary.h
│   ├── MLPublicClass.h
│   └── MLProtocol.h
├── Private      # Not exported, but visible to framework
│   └── MLInternal.h
└── Project      # Completely internal
    └── MLPrivateHelper.h

---

Public API Design

Header Organization Patterns

Pattern 1: Monolithic Umbrella

// Good for small libraries with few classes
#import <MyLibrary/MLClassA.h>
#import <MyLibrary/MLClassB.h>
#import <MyLibrary/MLClassC.h>

Pattern 2: Feature-Based Modules

// Better for larger libraries
#import <MyLibrary/MLCore.h>       // Core functionality
#import <MyLibrary/MLNetworking.h> // Network-related
#import <MyLibrary/MLUI.h>         // UI components

// Each module header imports its components
// MLCore.h:
#import <MyLibrary/MLCoreClass.h>
#import <MyLibrary/MLCoreProtocol.h>

Pattern 3: Prefix-Based Organization

// Consistent prefix prevents naming conflicts
ML  = MyLibrary
MLC = MyLibrary Core
MLN = MyLibrary Networking
MLU = MyLibrary UI

// Examples:
@interface MLCClient : NSObject
@interface MLNRequest : NSObject
@interface MLUButton : UIButton

Protocol-Driven API Design

Define clear protocols for extensibility:

// MLDataProvider.h
@protocol MLDataProvider <NSObject>

@required
/// Fetch data asynchronously
- (void)fetchDataWithCompletion:(void (^)(NSData *_Nullable data, NSError *_Nullable error))completion;

@optional
/// Cancel ongoing fetch operation
- (void)cancelFetch;

/// Configure provider behavior
- (void)configureWithOptions:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;

@end

Provide default implementation:

// MLDefaultDataProvider.h
@interface MLDefaultDataProvider : NSObject <MLDataProvider>

/// Designated initializer
- (instancetype)initWithBaseURL:(NSURL *)baseURL NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

/// Convenience initializer
+ (instancetype)providerWithBaseURL:(NSURL *)baseURL;

@end

// MLDefaultDataProvider.m
@implementation MLDefaultDataProvider

- (instancetype)initWithBaseURL:(NSURL *)baseURL {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        _baseURL = [baseURL copy];
    }
    return self;
}

+ (instancetype)providerWithBaseURL:(NSURL *)baseURL {
    return [[self alloc] initWithBaseURL:baseURL];
}

- (void)fetchDataWithCompletion:(void (^)(NSData *, NSError *))completion {
    // Default implementation
}

@end

Category-Based API Extensions

Provide convenience methods via categories:

// NSString+MLAdditions.h
@interface NSString (MLAdditions)

/// Returns MD5 hash of string
- (NSString *)ml_md5Hash;

/// Returns URL-encoded string
- (NSString *)ml_urlEncode;

/// Safe subscripting that returns nil for out-of-bounds
- (nullable NSString *)ml_substringWithRange:(NSRange)range;

@end

// NSString+MLAdditions.m
@implementation NSString (MLAdditions)

- (NSString *)ml_md5Hash {
    // Implementation
    const char *cStr = [self UTF8String];
    unsigned char digest[CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
    CC_MD5(cStr, (CC_LONG)strlen(cStr), digest);

    NSMutableString *output = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++) {
        [output appendFormat:@"%02x", digest[i]];
    }
    return output;
}

- (NSString *)ml_urlEncode {
    NSCharacterSet *allowed = [NSCharacterSet URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet];
    return [self stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:allowed];
}

- (nullable NSString *)ml_substringWithRange:(NSRange)range {
    if (range.location + range.length > self.length) {
        return nil;
    }
    return [self substringWithRange:range];
}

@end

Naming convention for categories:

• Prefix all methods with library prefix (e.g., ml_)
• Prevents collisions with other libraries or Apple's private APIs
• Makes it clear the method is from your library

Constants and Enumerations

Define constants in a dedicated header:

// MLConstants.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

/// Notification names
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSNotificationName const MLDidCompleteNotification;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSNotificationName const MLDidFailNotification;

/// Error domain
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSErrorDomain const MLErrorDomain;

/// Error codes
typedef NS_ERROR_ENUM(MLErrorDomain, MLErrorCode) {
    MLErrorCodeUnknown = 0,
    MLErrorCodeInvalidParameter = 1,
    MLErrorCodeNetworkFailure = 2,
    MLErrorCodeAuthenticationRequired = 3,
};

/// Configuration keys
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const MLConfigurationKeyTimeout;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const MLConfigurationKeyRetryCount;

/// Options
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, MLOptions) {
    MLOptionNone         = 0,
    MLOptionVerbose      = 1 << 0,
    MLOptionAsync        = 1 << 1,
    MLOptionPersistent   = 1 << 2,
};

// MLConstants.m
NSNotificationName const MLDidCompleteNotification = @"MLDidCompleteNotification";
NSNotificationName const MLDidFailNotification = @"MLDidFailNotification";

NSErrorDomain const MLErrorDomain = @"com.example.mylibrary.error";

NSString * const MLConfigurationKeyTimeout = @"timeout";
NSString * const MLConfigurationKeyRetryCount = @"retryCount";

Version Information

// MLVersion.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

/// Current library version
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const MLVersionString;

/// Version components
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSInteger const MLVersionMajor;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSInteger const MLVersionMinor;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSInteger const MLVersionPatch;

// MLVersion.m
NSString * const MLVersionString = @"1.2.3";
NSInteger const MLVersionMajor = 1;
NSInteger const MLVersionMinor = 2;
NSInteger const MLVersionPatch = 3;

---

XCTest Testing Strategies

Test Target Organization

MyLibraryTests/
├── Unit/
│   ├── MLClassATests.m
│   ├── MLClassBTests.m
│   └── MLUtilsTests.m
├── Integration/
│   ├── MLNetworkingTests.m
│   └── MLDataFlowTests.m
├── Helpers/
│   ├── MLTestHelpers.h
│   ├── MLTestHelpers.m
│   └── MLMockObjects.m
└── Resources/
    ├── test_data.json
    └── fixture.plist

Unit Test Patterns

// MLPublicClassTests.m
#import <XCTest/XCTest.h>
#import <MyLibrary/MyLibrary.h>

@interface MLPublicClassTests : XCTestCase
@property (nonatomic, strong) MLPublicClass *sut; // System Under Test
@end

@implementation MLPublicClassTests

- (void)setUp {
    [super setUp];
    // Create fresh instance for each test
    self.sut = [[MLPublicClass alloc] init];
}

- (void)tearDown {
    // Clean up
    self.sut = nil;
    [super tearDown];
}

#pragma mark - Initialization Tests

- (void)testDesignatedInitializer {
    MLPublicClass *instance = [[MLPublicClass alloc] initWithName:@"Test"];

    XCTAssertNotNil(instance, @"Instance should not be nil");
    XCTAssertEqualObjects(instance.name, @"Test", @"Name should be set");
}

- (void)testConvenienceInitializer {
    MLPublicClass *instance = [MLPublicClass instanceWithName:@"Test"];

    XCTAssertNotNil(instance);
    XCTAssertEqualObjects(instance.name, @"Test");
}

#pragma mark - Behavior Tests

- (void)testProcessDataWithValidInput {
    NSData *input = [@"valid data" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSError *error = nil;

    BOOL result = [self.sut processData:input error:&error];

    XCTAssertTrue(result, @"Processing should succeed");
    XCTAssertNil(error, @"No error should occur");
}

- (void)testProcessDataWithInvalidInput {
    NSError *error = nil;

    BOOL result = [self.sut processData:nil error:&error];

    XCTAssertFalse(result, @"Processing should fail");
    XCTAssertNotNil(error, @"Error should be populated");
    XCTAssertEqual(error.code, MLErrorCodeInvalidParameter);
}

#pragma mark - Async Tests

- (void)testAsyncFetchWithExpectation {
    XCTestExpectation *expectation = [self expectationWithDescription:@"Fetch completes"];

    [self.sut fetchDataWithCompletion:^(NSData *data, NSError *error) {
        XCTAssertNotNil(data, @"Data should be fetched");
        XCTAssertNil(error, @"No error should occur");
        [expectation fulfill];
    }];

    [self waitForExpectationsWithTimeout:5.0 handler:^(NSError *error) {
        if (error) {
            XCTFail(@"Timeout waiting for fetch: %@", error);
        }
    }];
}

#pragma mark - Edge Cases

- (void)testEmptyString {
    NSString *result = [self.sut processString:@""];
    XCTAssertEqualObjects(result, @"", @"Empty string should be handled");
}

- (void)testNilParameter {
    XCTAssertNoThrow([self.sut processString:nil], @"Should handle nil gracefully");
}

- (void)testLargeInput {
    NSMutableString *large = [NSMutableString string];
    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
        [large appendString:@"x"];
    }

    NSString *result = [self.sut processString:large];
    XCTAssertNotNil(result, @"Should handle large input");
}

@end

Mock Objects for Testing

// MLMockDataProvider.h
@interface MLMockDataProvider : NSObject <MLDataProvider>
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSData *mockData;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSError *mockError;
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL shouldFail;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimeInterval delay;
@end

// MLMockDataProvider.m
@implementation MLMockDataProvider

- (void)fetchDataWithCompletion:(void (^)(NSData *, NSError *))completion {
    dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(self.delay * NSEC_PER_SEC)),
                   dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        if (self.shouldFail) {
            completion(nil, self.mockError);
        } else {
            completion(self.mockData, nil);
        }
    });
}

@end

// Usage in tests:
- (void)testWithMockProvider {
    MLMockDataProvider *mock = [[MLMockDataProvider alloc] init];
    mock.mockData = [@"test" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    mock.shouldFail = NO;

    MLClient *client = [[MLClient alloc] initWithDataProvider:mock];
    // Test client with predictable mock behavior
}

Test Helpers

// MLTestHelpers.h
@interface MLTestHelpers : NSObject

/// Load JSON from test bundle
+ (NSDictionary *)loadJSONFixture:(NSString *)filename;

/// Create temporary directory for test files
+ (NSURL *)createTemporaryDirectory;

/// Clean up test resources
+ (void)cleanupTemporaryDirectory:(NSURL *)directory;

@end

// MLTestHelpers.m
@implementation MLTestHelpers

+ (NSDictionary *)loadJSONFixture:(NSString *)filename {
    NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle bundleForClass:[self class]];
    NSURL *url = [bundle URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"json"];
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
    return [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:nil];
}

+ (NSURL *)createTemporaryDirectory {
    NSString *tempDir = NSTemporaryDirectory();
    NSString *guid = [[NSUUID UUID] UUIDString];
    NSString *path = [tempDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:guid];
    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath:path
                              withIntermediateDirectories:YES
                                               attributes:nil
                                                    error:nil];
    return [NSURL fileURLWithPath:path];
}

+ (void)cleanupTemporaryDirectory:(NSURL *)directory {
    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtURL:directory error:nil];
}

@end

---

HeaderDoc and Documentation

HeaderDoc Syntax

// MLPublicClass.h

/*!
 @class MLPublicClass
 @abstract A brief description of the class
 @discussion
 A more detailed description of what this class does,
 its purpose, and how it should be used.

 Example usage:
 @code
 MLPublicClass *instance = [[MLPublicClass alloc] initWithName:@"Example"];
 [instance processData:data error:&error];
 @endcode

 @note This class is thread-safe.
 @warning Do not use this class in a tight loop.
 */
@interface MLPublicClass : NSObject

/*!
 @property name
 @abstract The name associated with this instance
 @discussion
 The name is used to identify this instance in logs and error messages.
 Must not be nil or empty.
 */
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSString *name;

/*!
 @method initWithName:
 @abstract Designated initializer
 @param name The name for this instance. Must not be nil.
 @return An initialized instance, or nil if name is invalid
 @discussion
 This is the designated initializer for this class. All other
 initializers should call this method.

 @throws NSInvalidArgumentException if name is nil
 */
- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;

/*!
 @method instanceWithName:
 @abstract Convenience class method to create instances
 @param name The name for the instance
 @return A new autoreleased instance
 */
+ (instancetype)instanceWithName:(NSString *)name;

/*!
 @method processData:error:
 @abstract Process input data
 @param data The data to process. Must not be nil.
 @param error On input, a pointer to an error object. If an error occurs,
              this pointer is set to an NSError object describing the error.
              Pass NULL if you don't care about error information.
 @return YES if processing succeeded, NO otherwise
 @discussion
 This method processes the input data according to the configured rules.
 If processing fails, the error parameter will be populated with details.

 Error codes:
 - MLErrorCodeInvalidParameter: data parameter was nil
 - MLErrorCodeProcessingFailed: processing encountered an error

 @see fetchDataWithCompletion:
 */
- (BOOL)processData:(NSData *)data error:(NSError **)error;

/*!
 @method fetchDataWithCompletion:
 @abstract Asynchronously fetch data
 @param completion Completion block called when fetch completes or fails.
                   Called on the main queue.
 @discussion
 This method fetches data asynchronously. The completion block is always
 called, either with data on success or an error on failure.

 @code
 [instance fetchDataWithCompletion:^(NSData *data, NSError *error) {
     if (error) {
         NSLog(@"Failed: %@", error);
     } else {
         // Use data
     }
 }];
 @endcode
 */
- (void)fetchDataWithCompletion:(void (^)(NSData *_Nullable data, NSError *_Nullable error))completion;

@end

Nullability Annotations

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface MLClient : NSObject

/// Returns a value, never nil
- (NSString *)getName;

/// May return nil
- (nullable NSString *)getOptionalValue;

/// Takes non-null parameter
- (void)setName:(NSString *)name;

/// Takes nullable parameter
- (void)setOptionalValue:(nullable NSString *)value;

/// Block with nullable parameters and return
- (void)fetchWithCompletion:(void (^)(NSData *_Nullable data, NSError *_Nullable error))completion;

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

Appledoc Configuration

Create a .appledoc configuration file:

--project-name "MyLibrary"
--project-company "Your Company"
--company-id "com.yourcompany"
--output "./Documentation"
--logformat xcode
--keep-intermediate-files
--no-repeat-first-par
--no-warn-invalid-crossref
--ignore "*.m"
--ignore "Private"
--index-desc "./README.md"

Generate documentation:

appledoc .

---

CocoaPods Distribution

Podspec Structure

# MyLibrary.podspec
Pod::Spec.new do |s|
  # Metadata
  s.name             = 'MyLibrary'
  s.version          = '1.2.3'
  s.summary          = 'A brief description of MyLibrary'
  s.description      = <<-DESC
    A longer description of MyLibrary that explains what it does,
    why it exists, and what problems it solves. This should be
    more detailed than the summary.
  DESC

  # Homepage and license
  s.homepage         = 'https://github.com/yourusername/mylibrary'
  s.license          = { :type => 'MIT', :file => 'LICENSE' }
  s.author           = { 'Your Name' => 'you@example.com' }
  s.source           = { :git => 'https://github.com/yourusername/mylibrary.git',
                         :tag => s.version.to_s }

  # Platform requirements
  s.ios.deployment_target = '12.0'
  s.osx.deployment_target = '10.13'
  s.watchos.deployment_target = '5.0'
  s.tvos.deployment_target = '12.0'

  # Source files
  s.source_files = 'MyLibrary/**/*.{h,m}'
  s.public_header_files = 'MyLibrary/Public/**/*.h'
  s.private_header_files = 'MyLibrary/Private/**/*.h'

  # Resources
  s.resources = 'MyLibrary/Resources/**/*'

  # Dependencies
  s.dependency 'AFNetworking', '~> 4.0'
  s.ios.dependency 'SDWebImage', '~> 5.0'

  # Frameworks
  s.frameworks = 'Foundation', 'UIKit'

  # Build settings
  s.requires_arc = true
  s.pod_target_xcconfig = {
    'DEFINES_MODULE' => 'YES'
  }

  # Subspecs for modular features
  s.subspec 'Core' do |core|
    core.source_files = 'MyLibrary/Core/**/*.{h,m}'
    core.public_header_files = 'MyLibrary/Core/Public/**/*.h'
  end

  s.subspec 'Networking' do |net|
    net.source_files = 'MyLibrary/Networking/**/*.{h,m}'
    net.dependency 'MyLibrary/Core'
    net.dependency 'AFNetworking', '~> 4.0'
  end

  s.default_subspecs = 'Core'
end

CocoaPods Workflow

# Create podspec
pod spec create MyLibrary

# Validate locally
pod lib lint MyLibrary.podspec

# Validate with remote sources
pod spec lint MyLibrary.podspec

# Register with CocoaPods trunk (first time only)
pod trunk register you@example.com 'Your Name'

# Push to CocoaPods
pod trunk push MyLibrary.podspec

# Add collaborators
pod trunk add-owner MyLibrary other@example.com

Podfile for Development

# Podfile for development/testing
platform :ios, '12.0'
use_frameworks!

target 'MyLibrary' do
  # Your library dependencies
  pod 'AFNetworking', '~> 4.0'
end

target 'MyLibraryTests' do
  # Test dependencies
  pod 'OCMock', '~> 3.9'
end

# Use local development pod
# pod 'MyLibrary', :path => './'

---

Carthage Distribution

Cartfile Structure

# Cartfile - Dependencies for your library
github "AFNetworking/AFNetworking" ~> 4.0

Carthage Compatibility

Ensure your framework is Carthage-compatible:

1. Use shared schemes - Make sure your framework scheme is shared
2. Build universal frameworks - Support both iOS devices and simulator

# Build for Carthage
carthage build --no-skip-current

# Create XCFramework (Xcode 11+)
carthage build --use-xcframeworks

Build Script for Universal Framework

#!/bin/bash
# build-universal.sh

FRAMEWORK_NAME="MyLibrary"
SCHEME="MyLibrary"

# Build for device
xcodebuild archive \
  -scheme "${SCHEME}" \
  -archivePath "build/ios.xcarchive" \
  -sdk iphoneos \
  SKIP_INSTALL=NO \
  BUILD_LIBRARY_FOR_DISTRIBUTION=YES

# Build for simulator
xcodebuild archive \
  -scheme "${SCHEME}" \
  -archivePath "build/ios-simulator.xcarchive" \
  -sdk iphonesimulator \
  SKIP_INSTALL=NO \
  BUILD_LIBRARY_FOR_DISTRIBUTION=YES

# Create XCFramework
xcodebuild -create-xcframework \
  -framework "build/ios.xcarchive/Products/Library/Frameworks/${FRAMEWORK_NAME}.framework" \
  -framework "build/ios-simulator.xcarchive/Products/Library/Frameworks/${FRAMEWORK_NAME}.framework" \
  -output "build/${FRAMEWORK_NAME}.xcframework"

---

Swift Package Manager

Package.swift

// swift-tools-version:5.5
import PackageDescription

let package = Package(
    name: "MyLibrary",
    platforms: [
        .iOS(.v12),
        .macOS(.v10_13),
        .watchOS(.v5),
        .tvOS(.v12)
    ],
    products: [
        .library(
            name: "MyLibrary",
            targets: ["MyLibrary"]),
    ],
    dependencies: [
        // External dependencies
        .package(url: "https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking.git", from: "4.0.0"),
    ],
    targets: [
        .target(
            name: "MyLibrary",
            dependencies: ["AFNetworking"],
            path: "MyLibrary",
            publicHeadersPath: "Public",
            cSettings: [
                .headerSearchPath("Private"),
            ]),
        .testTarget(
            name: "MyLibraryTests",
            dependencies: ["MyLibrary"],
            path: "MyLibraryTests"),
    ]
)

SPM Directory Structure

MyLibrary/
├── Package.swift
├── Sources/
│   └── MyLibrary/
│       ├── include/               # Public headers
│       │   ├── MyLibrary.h
│       │   ├── MLPublicClass.h
│       │   └── MLProtocol.h
│       └── Implementation/        # .m files
│           └── MLPublicClass.m
├── Tests/
│   └── MyLibraryTests/
│       └── MyLibraryTests.m
└── README.md

---

Module Maps

Custom Module Map

// module.modulemap
framework module MyLibrary {
    umbrella header "MyLibrary.h"

    export *
    module * { export * }

    explicit module Private {
        header "MLInternal.h"
        export *
    }
}

Module Map in Xcode

Configure in Build Settings:

DEFINES_MODULE = YES
MODULEMAP_FILE = $(SRCROOT)/MyLibrary/module.modulemap

---

Versioning and Release Strategy

Semantic Versioning

Follow semver.org:

• MAJOR: Incompatible API changes
• MINOR: Backwards-compatible functionality additions
• PATCH: Backwards-compatible bug fixes

Deprecation Strategy

// Deprecate old API
- (void)oldMethod:(id)parameter
    DEPRECATED_MSG_ATTRIBUTE("Use newMethod:withOptions: instead");

// Introduce replacement
- (void)newMethod:(id)parameter
      withOptions:(NSDictionary *)options;

// Provide compatibility shim
- (void)oldMethod:(id)parameter {
    NSLog(@"Warning: oldMethod: is deprecated. Use newMethod:withOptions:");
    [self newMethod:parameter withOptions:@{}];
}

Version Macro

// MLVersion.h
#define ML_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define ML_VERSION_MINOR 2
#define ML_VERSION_PATCH 3

#define ML_VERSION_CHECK(major, minor, patch) \
    (ML_VERSION_MAJOR > (major) || \
     (ML_VERSION_MAJOR == (major) && ML_VERSION_MINOR > (minor)) || \
     (ML_VERSION_MAJOR == (major) && ML_VERSION_MINOR == (minor) && ML_VERSION_PATCH >= (patch)))

// Usage:
#if ML_VERSION_CHECK(1, 2, 0)
    // Code for version 1.2.0 and later
#endif

CHANGELOG.md

# Changelog

All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.

The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).

## [Unreleased]

### Added
- New feature in development

## [1.2.3] - 2024-01-15

### Fixed
- Fixed crash when processing nil data
- Corrected memory leak in network layer

## [1.2.0] - 2024-01-01

### Added
- New `MLClient` class for network operations
- Support for custom data providers via `MLDataProvider` protocol

### Changed
- Improved performance of data processing by 50%
- Updated minimum deployment target to iOS 12.0

### Deprecated
- `oldMethod:` in favor of `newMethod:withOptions:`

## [1.1.0] - 2023-12-01

### Added
- Initial public release

---

Troubleshooting

Framework Not Found at Runtime

Symptoms: dyld: Library not loaded: @rpath/MyLibrary.framework/MyLibrary

Solution:

1. Check Build Settings > Runpath Search Paths
   - Should include @executable_path/Frameworks

2. Verify framework is embedded:
   - Build Phases > Embed Frameworks
   - Framework should be listed

3. For CocoaPods, ensure:
   - use_frameworks! is in Podfile
   - Run pod install after changes

Duplicate Symbol Errors

Symptoms: duplicate symbol _OBJC_CLASS_$_ClassName

Solution:

// Ensure category methods use unique prefix
// BAD:
@implementation NSString (Additions)
- (NSString *)reverse { ... }
@end

// GOOD:
@implementation NSString (MLAdditions)
- (NSString *)ml_reverse { ... }
@end

Missing Header in Umbrella

Symptoms: Header not visible to framework users

Solution:

1. Check header visibility in Xcode:
   - Target > Build Phases > Headers
   - Move header from Project/Private to Public

2. Add to umbrella header:
   - #import <MyLibrary/MLNewClass.h>

3. Clean and rebuild:
   - Product > Clean Build Folder (Cmd+Shift+K)

Swift Bridging Issues

Symptoms: Objective-C types not visible in Swift

Solution:

// Use nullability annotations
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

@interface MLClass : NSObject
- (NSString *)getName;  // Nonnull by default
- (nullable NSString *)getOptionalName;
@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

// Use generics for collections
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSArray<NSString *> *items;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSDictionary<NSString *, NSNumber *> *counts;

Podspec Validation Failures

Symptoms: pod lib lint fails

Solution:

# Get verbose output
pod lib lint --verbose

# Common issues:
# 1. Missing source files
#    - Check s.source_files pattern matches actual files

# 2. Dependency conflicts
#    - Ensure dependency versions are compatible
#    - Use ~> for flexible version matching

# 3. Build settings issues
#    - Add necessary frameworks to s.frameworks
#    - Set s.requires_arc appropriately

# 4. Missing license
#    - Ensure LICENSE file exists
#    - Match s.license specification

---

Best Practices Summary

1. Prefix all public symbols with 2-3 letter prefix (classes, protocols, constants, categories)
2. Use nullability annotations for Swift interoperability
3. Document with HeaderDoc for generated documentation
4. Provide protocol-based APIs for extensibility
5. Include comprehensive tests with XCTest
6. Support multiple distribution methods (CocoaPods, Carthage, SPM)
7. Follow semantic versioning strictly
8. Maintain backwards compatibility when possible
9. Deprecate before removing APIs
10. Keep umbrella header clean and organized

---

See Also

• lang-objc-dev - Foundational Objective-C patterns
• lang-swift-objc-bridge-dev - Swift interoperability
• lang-objc-patterns-dev - Advanced design patterns
• CocoaPods Guides
• Carthage Documentation
• Swift Package Manager Documentation
• HeaderDoc User Guide