name	server-side-rendering
description	Implement server-side rendering with template engines, view layers, and dynamic content generation. Use when building server-rendered applications, implementing MVC architectures, and generating HTML on the server.

Server-Side Rendering

Overview

Build server-side rendered applications using modern template engines, view layers, and data-driven HTML generation with caching, streaming, and performance optimization across Python, Node.js, and Ruby frameworks.

When to Use

Building traditional web applications
Rendering HTML on the server
Implementing SEO-friendly applications
Creating real-time updating pages
Building admin dashboards
Implementing email templates

Instructions

1. Flask with Jinja2 Templates

# app.py
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, jsonify
from datetime import datetime

app = Flask(__name__)

# Custom Jinja2 filters
@app.template_filter('currency')
def format_currency(value):
    return f"${value:.2f}"

@app.template_filter('date_format')
def format_date(date_obj):
    return date_obj.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

@app.context_processor
def inject_globals():
    """Inject global variables into templates"""
    return {
        'app_name': 'My App',
        'current_year': datetime.now().year,
        'support_email': 'support@example.com'
    }

# routes.py
@app.route('/')
def index():
    """Home page"""
    featured_posts = Post.query.filter_by(featured=True).limit(5).all()
    return render_template('index.html', featured_posts=featured_posts)

@app.route('/dashboard')
@login_required
def dashboard():
    """User dashboard"""
    user_stats = {
        'total_posts': current_user.posts.count(),
        'total_views': sum(p.view_count for p in current_user.posts),
        'total_followers': current_user.followers.count()
    }

    recent_activity = current_user.get_activity(limit=10)

    return render_template(
        'dashboard.html',
        stats=user_stats,
        activity=recent_activity
    )

@app.route('/posts/<slug>')
def view_post(slug):
    """View single post"""
    post = Post.query.filter_by(slug=slug).first_or_404()

    # Increment view count
    post.view_count += 1
    db.session.commit()

    # Get related posts
    related = Post.query.filter(
        Post.category_id == post.category_id,
        Post.id != post.id
    ).limit(5).all()

    return render_template(
        'post.html',
        post=post,
        related_posts=related,
        comments=post.comments.order_by(Comment.created_at.desc()).all()
    )

@app.route('/search')
def search():
    """Search posts"""
    query = request.args.get('q', '')
    page = request.args.get('page', 1, type=int)

    if not query:
        return render_template('search.html', posts=[], query='')

    posts = Post.query.filter(
        Post.title.ilike(f'%{query}%') |
        Post.content.ilike(f'%{query}%')
    ).paginate(page=page, per_page=20)

    return render_template(
        'search.html',
        posts=posts.items,
        total=posts.total,
        query=query,
        page=page
    )

@app.route('/admin/posts/create', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
@admin_required
def create_post():
    """Create new post"""
    if request.method == 'POST':
        title = request.form['title']
        content = request.form['content']
        category_id = request.form['category_id']

        post = Post(
            title=title,
            slug=generate_slug(title),
            content=content,
            category_id=category_id,
            author_id=current_user.id
        )
        db.session.add(post)
        db.session.commit()

        return redirect(url_for('view_post', slug=post.slug))

    categories = Category.query.all()
    return render_template('admin/create_post.html', categories=categories)

2. Jinja2 Template Examples

<!-- base.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>{% block title %}{{ app_name }}{% endblock %}</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/style.css') }}">
    {% block extra_head %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
    <nav class="navbar">
        <div class="container">
            <h1>{{ app_name }}</h1>
            <ul>
                <li><a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Home</a></li>
                {% if current_user.is_authenticated %}
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('dashboard') }}">Dashboard</a></li>
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Logout</a></li>
                {% else %}
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('login') }}">Login</a></li>
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('register') }}">Register</a></li>
                {% endif %}
            </ul>
        </div>
    </nav>

    <main class="container">
        {% with messages = get_flashed_messages(with_categories=true) %}
            {% if messages %}
                {% for category, message in messages %}
                    <div class="alert alert-{{ category }}">{{ message }}</div>
                {% endfor %}
            {% endif %}
        {% endwith %}

        {% block content %}{% endblock %}
    </main>

    <footer>
        <p>&copy; {{ current_year }} {{ app_name }}. All rights reserved.</p>
    </footer>

    <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/main.js') }}"></script>
    {% block extra_scripts %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

<!-- dashboard.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}Dashboard - {{ app_name }}{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<div class="dashboard">
    <h1>Welcome, {{ current_user.first_name }}!</h1>

    <div class="stats-grid">
        <div class="stat-card">
            <h3>Total Posts</h3>
            <p class="stat-value">{{ stats.total_posts }}</p>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
            <h3>Total Views</h3>
            <p class="stat-value">{{ stats.total_views | default(0) }}</p>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
            <h3>Followers</h3>
            <p class="stat-value">{{ stats.total_followers }}</p>
        </div>
    </div>

    <section class="recent-activity">
        <h2>Recent Activity</h2>
        {% if activity %}
            <ul class="activity-list">
                {% for item in activity %}
                    <li>
                        <span class="activity-date">{{ item.created_at | date_format }}</span>
                        <span class="activity-text">{{ item.description }}</span>
                    </li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        {% else %}
            <p>No recent activity.</p>
        {% endif %}
    </section>
</div>
{% endblock %}

<!-- post.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block title %}{{ post.title }} - {{ app_name }}{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<article class="post">
    <header class="post-header">
        <h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
        <div class="post-meta">
            <span class="author">By {{ post.author.full_name }}</span>
            <span class="date">{{ post.created_at | date_format }}</span>
            <span class="category">
                <a href="{{ url_for('view_category', slug=post.category.slug) }}">
                    {{ post.category.name }}
                </a>
            </span>
        </div>
    </header>

    <div class="post-content">
        {{ post.content | safe }}
    </div>

    {% if related_posts %}
        <section class="related-posts">
            <h3>Related Posts</h3>
            <div class="posts-grid">
                {% for related in related_posts %}
                    <div class="post-card">
                        <h4><a href="{{ url_for('view_post', slug=related.slug) }}">{{ related.title }}</a></h4>
                        <p>{{ related.excerpt or related.content[:100] }}...</p>
                        <a href="{{ url_for('view_post', slug=related.slug) }}" class="read-more">Read More</a>
                    </div>
                {% endfor %}
            </div>
        </section>
    {% endif %}

    <section class="comments">
        <h3>Comments ({{ comments | length }})</h3>
        {% if comments %}
            <ul class="comment-list">
                {% for comment in comments %}
                    <li class="comment">
                        <strong>{{ comment.author.full_name }}</strong>
                        <time>{{ comment.created_at | date_format }}</time>
                        <p>{{ comment.content }}</p>
                    </li>
                {% endfor %}
            </ul>
        {% else %}
            <p>No comments yet.</p>
        {% endif %}

        {% if current_user.is_authenticated %}
            <form method="POST" action="{{ url_for('add_comment', post_id=post.id) }}" class="comment-form">
                <textarea name="content" placeholder="Add a comment..." required></textarea>
                <button type="submit">Post Comment</button>
            </form>
        {% endif %}
    </section>
</article>
{% endblock %}

3. Node.js/Express with EJS Templates

// app.js
const express = require('express');
const path = require('path');

const app = express();

// Set template engine
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));

// Middleware
app.use(express.json());
app.use(express.urlencoded({ extended: true }));
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));

// Local variables middleware
app.use((req, res, next) => {
    res.locals.currentUser = req.user || null;
    res.locals.appName = 'My App';
    res.locals.currentYear = new Date().getFullYear();
    next();
});

// Routes
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
    const posts = [
        { id: 1, title: 'Post 1', excerpt: 'First post', slug: 'post-1' },
        { id: 2, title: 'Post 2', excerpt: 'Second post', slug: 'post-2' }
    ];

    res.render('index', { posts });
});

app.get('/posts/:slug', async (req, res) => {
    const { slug } = req.params;
    const post = await Post.findOne({ where: { slug } });

    if (!post) {
        return res.status(404).render('404');
    }

    const comments = await post.getComments();
    const relatedPosts = await Post.findAll({
        where: { categoryId: post.categoryId },
        limit: 5
    });

    res.render('post', {
        post,
        comments,
        relatedPosts
    });
});

app.get('/dashboard', requireAuth, (req, res) => {
    const stats = {
        totalPosts: req.user.posts.length,
        totalViews: req.user.posts.reduce((sum, p) => sum + p.views, 0)
    };

    res.render('dashboard', { stats });
});

app.listen(3000);

4. EJS Template Examples

<!-- views/layout.ejs -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title><%= typeof title != 'undefined' ? title + ' - ' : '' %><%= appName %></title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css">
</head>
<body>
    <%- include('partials/navbar') %>

    <main class="container">
        <%- body %>
    </main>

    <%- include('partials/footer') %>

    <script src="/js/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

<!-- views/post.ejs -->
<article class="post">
    <h1><%= post.title %></h1>
    <div class="post-meta">
        <span>By <%= post.author.name %></span>
        <span><%= new Date(post.createdAt).toLocaleDateString() %></span>
    </div>

    <div class="post-content">
        <%- post.content %>
    </div>

    <% if (relatedPosts && relatedPosts.length > 0) { %>
        <section class="related-posts">
            <h3>Related Posts</h3>
            <% relatedPosts.forEach(related => { %>
                <div class="post-card">
                    <h4><a href="/posts/<%= related.slug %>"><%= related.title %></a></h4>
                    <p><%= related.excerpt %></p>
                </div>
            <% }); %>
        </section>
    <% } %>

    <section class="comments">
        <h3>Comments (<%= comments.length %>)</h3>

        <% comments.forEach(comment => { %>
            <div class="comment">
                <strong><%= comment.author.name %></strong>
                <time><%= new Date(comment.createdAt).toLocaleDateString() %></time>
                <p><%= comment.content %></p>
            </div>
        <% }); %>

        <% if (currentUser) { %>
            <form method="POST" action="/posts/<%= post.id %>/comments" class="comment-form">
                <textarea name="content" placeholder="Add comment..." required></textarea>
                <button type="submit">Post</button>
            </form>
        <% } %>
    </section>
</article>

5. Caching and Performance

# Flask caching
from flask_caching import Cache

cache = Cache(app, config={'CACHE_TYPE': 'redis'})

@app.route('/posts/<slug>')
@cache.cached(timeout=3600)  # Cache for 1 hour
def view_post(slug):
    """Cached post view"""
    post = Post.query.filter_by(slug=slug).first_or_404()
    comments = post.comments.all()
    return render_template('post.html', post=post, comments=comments)

@app.route('/api/posts')
@cache.cached(timeout=300)  # Cache for 5 minutes
def get_posts():
    """Cached API endpoint"""
    posts = Post.query.filter_by(published=True).all()
    return jsonify([p.to_dict() for p in posts])

# Invalidate cache
@app.route('/admin/posts/<id>/edit', methods=['POST'])
@admin_required
def edit_post(id):
    post = Post.query.get(id)
    # Update post
    db.session.commit()

    # Clear cache
    cache.delete_memoized(view_post, post.slug)
    cache.delete_memoized(get_posts)

    return redirect(url_for('view_post', slug=post.slug))

6. Django Template Examples

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import DetailView, ListView
from django.db.models import Q
from .models import Post, Comment

class PostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/post_list.html'
    context_object_name = 'posts'
    paginate_by = 10

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Post.objects.filter(published=True).order_by('-created_at')

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['featured_posts'] = Post.objects.filter(featured=True)[:5]
        return context

class PostDetailView(DetailView):
    model = Post
    template_name = 'blog/post_detail.html'
    context_object_name = 'post'
    slug_field = 'slug'

    def get_queryset(self):
        return Post.objects.filter(published=True)

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['comments'] = self.object.comments.all()
        context['related_posts'] = Post.objects.filter(
            category=self.object.category
        ).exclude(id=self.object.id)[:5]
        return context

7. Django Templates

<!-- blog/post_list.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load custom_filters %}

{% block title %}Blog - {{ app_name }}{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<div class="blog-section">
    <h1>Blog Posts</h1>

    {% if featured_posts %}
        <section class="featured">
            <h2>Featured Posts</h2>
            <div class="posts-grid">
                {% for post in featured_posts %}
                    <article class="post-card">
                        <h3><a href="{% url 'post-detail' post.slug %}">{{ post.title }}</a></h3>
                        <p>{{ post.excerpt }}</p>
                        <a href="{% url 'post-detail' post.slug %}" class="read-more">Read More</a>
                    </article>
                {% endfor %}
            </div>
        </section>
    {% endif %}

    <section class="posts">
        <h2>All Posts</h2>
        {% for post in posts %}
            <article class="post-item">
                <h3><a href="{% url 'post-detail' post.slug %}">{{ post.title }}</a></h3>
                <div class="meta">
                    <span>By {{ post.author.get_full_name }}</span>
                    <span>{{ post.created_at|date:"M d, Y" }}</span>
                </div>
                <p>{{ post.content|truncatewords:50 }}</p>
            </article>
        {% empty %}
            <p>No posts yet.</p>
        {% endfor %}
    </section>

    {% if is_paginated %}
        <nav class="pagination">
            {% if page_obj.has_previous %}
                <a href="?page=1">First</a>
                <a href="?page={{ page_obj.previous_page_number }}">Previous</a>
            {% endif %}

            <span>Page {{ page_obj.number }} of {{ page_obj.paginator.num_pages }}</span>

            {% if page_obj.has_next %}
                <a href="?page={{ page_obj.next_page_number }}">Next</a>
                <a href="?page={{ page_obj.paginator.num_pages }}">Last</a>
            {% endif %}
        </nav>
    {% endif %}
</div>
{% endblock %}

Best Practices

✅ DO

Use template inheritance for DRY code
Implement caching for frequently rendered pages
Use template filters for formatting
Separate concerns between views and templates
Validate and sanitize all user input
Use context processors for global variables
Implement proper pagination
Use conditional rendering appropriately
Cache expensive queries
Optimize template rendering

❌ DON'T

Put business logic in templates
Use unbounded loops in templates
Execute database queries in templates
Trust user input without sanitization
Over-nest template inheritance
Use very long template files
Render sensitive data in templates
Ignore template caching opportunities
Use global variables excessively
Mix multiple concerns in one template

Complete Example

@app.route('/hello/<name>')
def hello(name):
    return render_template('hello.html', name=name)

# hello.html
<h1>Hello, {{ name | capitalize }}!</h1>

server-side-rendering

Install Skill

SKILL.md