name	rails-generators
description	Create expert-level Ruby on Rails generators for models, services, controllers, and full-stack features. Use when building custom generators, scaffolds, or code generation tools for Rails applications, or when the user mentions Rails generators, Thor DSL, or automated code generation.

Build production-ready Rails generators that automate repetitive coding tasks and enforce architectural patterns. This skill covers creating custom generators for models, service objects, API scaffolds, and complete features with migrations, tests, and documentation. Create a simple service object generator:

# lib/generators/service/service_generator.rb
module Generators
  class ServiceGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
    source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

    def create_service_file
      template 'service.rb.tt', "app/services/#{file_name}_service.rb"
    end

    def create_service_test
      template 'service_test.rb.tt', "test/services/#{file_name}_service_test.rb"
    end
  end
end

Template file (templates/service.rb.tt):

class <%= class_name %>Service
  def initialize
  end

  def call
    # Implementation goes here
  end
end

Invoke with: rails generate service payment_processor

**Generator location**: `lib/generators/[name]/[name]_generator.rb` **Template location**: `lib/generators/[name]/templates/` **Test location**: `test/generators/[name]_generator_test.rb` Create custom generators when you need to:

Enforce architectural patterns: Service objects, form objects, presenters, query objects
Reduce boilerplate: API controllers with standard CRUD, serializers, policy objects
Maintain consistency: Team conventions for file structure, naming, and organization
Automate complex setup: Multi-file features with migrations, tests, and documentation
Override Rails defaults: Customize scaffold behavior for your application's needs

Rails 8 introduced the authentication generator (`rails generate authentication`) which demonstrates modern generator patterns including: - ActionCable integration for real-time features - Controller concerns for shared behavior - Mailer generation with templates - Comprehensive view scaffolding

Study Rails 8 built-in generators for current best practices.

**Choose base class**:

Rails::Generators::Base: Simple generators without required arguments
Rails::Generators::NamedBase: Generators requiring a name argument

class ServiceGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
  # Automatically provides: name, class_name, file_name, plural_name
end

**Define source root and options**:

source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

class_option :namespace, type: :string, default: nil, desc: "Namespace for the service"
class_option :skip_tests, type: :boolean, default: false, desc: "Skip test files"

Access options with: options[:namespace]

**Add public methods** (executed in definition order):

def create_service_file
  template 'service.rb.tt', service_file_path
end

def create_test_file
  return if options[:skip_tests]
  template 'service_test.rb.tt', test_file_path
end

private

def service_file_path
  if options[:namespace]
    "app/services/#{options[:namespace]}/#{file_name}_service.rb"
  else
    "app/services/#{file_name}_service.rb"
  end
end

**Create ERB templates** (`.tt` extension):

<% if options[:namespace] -%>
module <%= options[:namespace].camelize %>
  class <%= class_name %>Service
    def call
      # Implementation
    end
  end
end
<% else -%>
class <%= class_name %>Service
  def call
    # Implementation
  end
end
<% end -%>

Important: Use <%% to output literal <% in generated files.

**Test the generator** (see [Testing](#testing) section):

rails generate service payment_processor --namespace=billing
rails generate service notifier --skip-tests

**Custom model with associations and scopes**:

class CustomModelGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
  source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

  class_option :parent, type: :string, desc: "Parent model for belongs_to"
  class_option :scope, type: :array, desc: "Scopes to generate"

  def create_migration
    migration_template 'migration.rb.tt',
      "db/migrate/create_#{table_name}.rb"
  end

  def create_model_file
    template 'model.rb.tt', "app/models/#{file_name}.rb"
  end

  def create_test_file
    template 'model_test.rb.tt', "test/models/#{file_name}_test.rb"
  end
end

See references/model-generator.md for complete example.

**Service object with result object pattern**:

class ServiceGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
  source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

  class_option :result_object, type: :boolean, default: true

  def create_service
    template 'service.rb.tt', "app/services/#{file_name}_service.rb"
  end

  def create_result_object
    return unless options[:result_object]
    template 'result.rb.tt', "app/services/#{file_name}_result.rb"
  end
end

See references/service-generator.md for complete example.

**API controller with serializer**:

class ApiControllerGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
  source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

  class_option :serializer, type: :string, default: 'active_model_serializers'
  class_option :actions, type: :array, default: %w[index show create update destroy]

  def create_controller
    template 'controller.rb.tt',
      "app/controllers/api/v1/#{file_name.pluralize}_controller.rb"
  end

  def create_serializer
    template "serializer_#{options[:serializer]}.rb.tt",
      "app/serializers/#{file_name}_serializer.rb"
  end

  def add_routes
    route "namespace :api do\n    namespace :v1 do\n      resources :#{file_name.pluralize}\n    end\n  end"
  end
end

See references/api-generator.md for complete example.

**Complete feature scaffold**:

class FeatureGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
  source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

  class_option :api, type: :boolean, default: false

  def create_model
    invoke 'model', [name], migration: true
  end

  def create_controller
    if options[:api]
      invoke 'api_controller', [name]
    else
      invoke 'controller', [name], actions: %w[index show new create edit update destroy]
    end
  end

  def create_views
    return if options[:api]
    %w[index show new edit _form].each do |view|
      template "views/#{view}.html.erb.tt",
        "app/views/#{file_name.pluralize}/#{view}.html.erb"
    end
  end

  def create_tests
    invoke 'test_unit:model', [name]
    invoke 'test_unit:controller', [name]
    invoke 'test_unit:system', [name] unless options[:api]
  end
end

See references/scaffold-generator.md for complete example.

**Generator hooks** enable modular composition and test framework integration:

class ServiceGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
  hook_for :test_framework, as: :service
end

This automatically invokes test_unit:service or rspec:service based on configuration.

Creating hook responders:

# lib/generators/rspec/service/service_generator.rb
module Rspec
  module Generators
    class ServiceGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
      source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

      def create_service_spec
        template 'service_spec.rb.tt',
          "spec/services/#{file_name}_service_spec.rb"
      end
    end
  end
end

See references/hooks.md for hook patterns and fallback configuration.

**Invoke other generators** from your generator:

def create_dependencies
  invoke 'model', [name], migration: true
  invoke 'service', ["#{name}_processor"]
  invoke 'serializer', [name]
end

Conditional invocation:

def create_optional_files
  invoke 'mailer', [name] if options[:mailer]
  invoke 'job', ["#{name}_job"] if options[:background_job]
end

**Namespace generators** for organization:

# lib/generators/admin/resource/resource_generator.rb
module Admin
  module Generators
    class ResourceGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
      source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

      def create_admin_resource
        template 'resource.rb.tt',
          "app/admin/#{file_name}.rb"
      end
    end
  end
end

Invoke with: rails generate admin:resource User

Generator search path:

rails/generators/[name]/[name]_generator.rb
generators/[name]/[name]_generator.rb
rails/generators/[name]_generator.rb
generators/[name]_generator.rb

See references/namespacing.md for fallback patterns.

**Thor::Actions methods** available in generators:

# Create files
create_file 'config/settings.yml', yaml_content
copy_file 'template.rb', 'config/template.rb'
template 'config.rb.tt', 'config/settings.rb'

# Modify existing files
insert_into_file 'config/routes.rb', route_content, after: "Rails.application.routes.draw do\n"
gsub_file 'config/application.rb', /old_value/, 'new_value'
comment_lines 'config/environments/production.rb', /config.assets.compile/

# Directory operations
empty_directory 'app/services'
directory 'templates/views', 'app/views/admin'

# Rails-specific helpers
initializer 'service_config.rb', config_content
lib 'custom_validator.rb', validator_content
rakefile 'import_tasks.rake', rake_content
route "namespace :api do\n  resources :users\n end"

See references/file-actions.md for complete reference.

**ERB template features**:

<%# Variables from generator available automatically %>
class <%= class_name %>Service
  <%- if options[:async] -%>
  include AsyncService
  <%- end -%>

  def initialize(<%= attributes.map(&:name).join(', ') %>)
    <%- attributes.each do |attr| -%>
    @<%= attr.name %> = <%= attr.name %>
    <%- end -%>
  end
end

Escaping for nested ERB (template generates another template):

<%# This will be evaluated when user uses the generated file %>
<%%= render partial: 'form', locals: { <%= singular_name %>: @<%= singular_name %> } %>

Conditional whitespace control with -:

<%- suppresses leading whitespace
-%> suppresses trailing whitespace

See references/templates.md for template patterns.

**Testing with Rails::Generators::Testing::Behavior**:

require 'test_helper'
require 'generators/service/service_generator'

class ServiceGeneratorTest < Rails::Generators::TestCase
  tests ServiceGenerator
  destination File.expand_path('../tmp', __dir__)
  setup :prepare_destination

  test "generates service file" do
    run_generator ["payment_processor"]

    assert_file "app/services/payment_processor_service.rb" do |content|
      assert_match(/class PaymentProcessorService/, content)
      assert_match(/def call/, content)
    end
  end

  test "generates with namespace option" do
    run_generator ["payment", "--namespace=billing"]

    assert_file "app/services/billing/payment_service.rb" do |content|
      assert_match(/module Billing/, content)
      assert_match(/class PaymentService/, content)
    end
  end

  test "skips tests when flag provided" do
    run_generator ["payment", "--skip-tests"]

    assert_file "app/services/payment_service.rb"
    assert_no_file "test/services/payment_service_test.rb"
  end
end

Available assertions:

assert_file(path) { |content| ... } - File exists with expected content
assert_no_file(path) - File does not exist
assert_migration(path) - Migration file exists
assert_class_method(method, content) - Class method defined
assert_instance_method(method, content) - Instance method defined

See references/testing-rails.md for comprehensive testing patterns.

**Testing with RSpec and generator_spec**:

Add to Gemfile: gem 'generator_spec', group: :development

require 'generator_spec'

RSpec.describe ServiceGenerator, type: :generator do
  destination File.expand_path('../../tmp', __FILE__)

  before do
    prepare_destination
  end

  context "with default options" do
    before do
      run_generator ["payment_processor"]
    end

    it "creates service file" do
      expect(destination_root).to have_structure {
        directory "app/services" do
          file "payment_processor_service.rb" do
            contains "class PaymentProcessorService"
            contains "def call"
          end
        end
      }
    end

    it "creates test file" do
      expect(destination_root).to have_structure {
        directory "test/services" do
          file "payment_processor_service_test.rb"
        end
      }
    end
  end

  context "with namespace option" do
    before do
      run_generator ["payment", "--namespace=billing"]
    end

    it "creates namespaced service" do
      assert_file "app/services/billing/payment_service.rb" do |content|
        expect(content).to match(/module Billing/)
        expect(content).to match(/class PaymentService/)
      end
    end
  end
end

Alternative: Test against dummy app:

RSpec.describe "ServiceGenerator" do
  it "generates correct service file" do
    Dir.chdir(dummy_app_path) do
      `rails generate service payment_processor`

      service_file = File.read('app/services/payment_processor_service.rb')
      expect(service_file).to include('class PaymentProcessorService')

      # Cleanup
      FileUtils.rm_rf('app/services/payment_processor_service.rb')
    end
  end
end

See references/testing-rspec.md for RSpec patterns and generator_spec usage.

**Manual testing workflow**:

Generate in test Rails app:

cd test/dummy
rails generate service payment_processor --namespace=billing

Verify generated files:

tree app/services
cat app/services/billing/payment_processor_service.rb

Test destruction (if implemented):

rails destroy service payment_processor --namespace=billing

Test edge cases:

rails generate service payment_processor --skip-tests
rails generate service payment_processor --namespace=very/deep/namespace

Before considering a generator complete, verify:

Generator inherits from appropriate base class
source_root points to templates directory
All options have appropriate types and defaults
Public methods execute in correct order
Templates use correct ERB syntax (.tt extension)
File paths handle namespacing correctly
Generator works with and without options
Tests cover default behavior and all options
Generator can be destroyed (if applicable)
Documentation includes usage examples
Edge cases handled (special characters, deep namespacing)

**Missing source_root**: Templates not found ```ruby # Add this to generator class source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__) ```

Incorrect template syntax: File generated with wrong ERB tags

# Use <%% for literal ERB in generated files
<%%= @user.name %>  # Generates: <%= @user.name %>

Option not recognized: Check option definition

class_option :namespace, type: :string  # Not :namespace_option
# Access with: options[:namespace]

Method order issues: Methods execute in definition order

# This runs first
def create_model
end

# This runs second
def create_controller
end

**Service generator with dependency injection**:

class AdvancedServiceGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
  source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

  class_option :dependencies, type: :array, default: []
  class_option :async, type: :boolean, default: false

  def create_service
    template 'service.rb.tt', service_path
  end

  def create_test
    template 'service_test.rb.tt', test_path
  end

  private

  def service_path
    "app/services/#{file_name}_service.rb"
  end

  def test_path
    "test/services/#{file_name}_service_test.rb"
  end

  def dependency_params
    options[:dependencies].map { |dep| "#{dep}:" }.join(', ')
  end
end

Template (service.rb.tt):

class <%= class_name %>Service
  <%- if options[:async] -%>
  include ActiveJob::Helpers
  <%- end -%>

  <%- if options[:dependencies].any? -%>
  def initialize(<%= dependency_params %>)
    <%- options[:dependencies].each do |dep| -%>
    @<%= dep %> = <%= dep %>
    <%- end -%>
  end
  <%- else -%>
  def initialize
  end
  <%- end -%>

  def call
    # Implementation
  end
end

**Query object generator**:

class QueryGenerator < Rails::Generators::NamedBase
  source_root File.expand_path('templates', __dir__)

  class_option :model, type: :string, required: true
  class_option :scopes, type: :array, default: []

  def create_query
    template 'query.rb.tt', "app/queries/#{file_name}_query.rb"
  end

  def create_test
    template 'query_test.rb.tt', "test/queries/#{file_name}_query_test.rb"
  end
end

**Detailed references**:

Model generator patterns - Custom models with migrations and associations
Service generator patterns - Service objects with result objects
API generator patterns - Controllers, serializers, and routes
Scaffold patterns - Full-stack feature generation
Hooks and composition - Generator hooks and fallbacks
Namespacing - Organizing generators with namespaces
File manipulation - Thor::Actions reference
Template system - ERB template patterns
Rails testing - Rails::Generators::TestCase patterns
RSpec testing - generator_spec and RSpec patterns

A well-built Rails generator has:

Clear inheritance from Rails::Generators::Base or NamedBase
Properly configured source_root pointing to templates
Well-defined class_option declarations with appropriate types
Public methods that execute in logical order
ERB templates with correct syntax and variable interpolation
Comprehensive tests covering default and optional behaviors
Error handling for edge cases (missing arguments, invalid options)
Documentation with usage examples
Consistent naming following Rails conventions
Works correctly with generator hooks and composition

Sources:

rails-generators

Install Skill

SKILL.md