Vercel Load & Scale

Overview

Load testing, scaling strategies, and capacity planning for Vercel integrations.

Prerequisites

• k6 load testing tool installed
• Kubernetes cluster with HPA configured
• Prometheus for metrics collection
• Test environment API keys

Load Testing with k6

Basic Load Test

// vercel-load-test.js
import http from 'k6/http';
import { check, sleep } from 'k6';

export const options = {
  stages: [
    { duration: '2m', target: 10 },   // Ramp up
    { duration: '5m', target: 10 },   // Steady state
    { duration: '2m', target: 50 },   // Ramp to peak
    { duration: '5m', target: 50 },   // Stress test
    { duration: '2m', target: 0 },    // Ramp down
  ],
  thresholds: {
    http_req_duration: ['p(95)<100'],
    http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'],
  },
};

export default function () {
  const response = http.post(
    'https://api.vercel.com/v1/resource',
    JSON.stringify({ test: true }),
    {
      headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'Authorization': `Bearer ${__ENV.VERCEL_API_KEY}`,
      },
    }
  );

  check(response, {
    'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
    'latency < 100ms': (r) => r.timings.duration < 100,
  });

  sleep(1);
}

Run Load Test

# Install k6
brew install k6  # macOS
# or: sudo apt install k6  # Linux

# Run test
k6 run --env VERCEL_API_KEY=${VERCEL_API_KEY} vercel-load-test.js

# Run with output to InfluxDB
k6 run --out influxdb=http://localhost:8086/k6 vercel-load-test.js

Scaling Patterns

Horizontal Scaling

# kubernetes HPA
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: vercel-integration-hpa
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: vercel-integration
  minReplicas: 2
  maxReplicas: 20
  metrics:
    - type: Resource
      resource:
        name: cpu
        target:
          type: Utilization
          averageUtilization: 70
    - type: Pods
      pods:
        metric:
          name: vercel_queue_depth
        target:
          type: AverageValue
          averageValue: 100

Connection Pooling

import { Pool } from 'generic-pool';

const vercelPool = Pool.create({
  create: async () => {
    return new VercelClient({
      apiKey: process.env.VERCEL_API_KEY!,
    });
  },
  destroy: async (client) => {
    await client.close();
  },
  max: None,
  min: None,
  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,
});

async function withVercelClient<T>(
  fn: (client: VercelClient) => Promise<T>
): Promise<T> {
  const client = await vercelPool.acquire();
  try {
    return await fn(client);
  } finally {
    vercelPool.release(client);
  }
}

Capacity Planning

Metrics to Monitor

Capacity Calculation

interface CapacityEstimate {
  currentRPS: number;
  maxRPS: number;
  headroom: number;
  scaleRecommendation: string;
}

function estimateVercelCapacity(
  metrics: SystemMetrics
): CapacityEstimate {
  const currentRPS = metrics.requestsPerSecond;
  const avgLatency = metrics.p50Latency;
  const cpuUtilization = metrics.cpuPercent;

  // Estimate max RPS based on current performance
  const maxRPS = currentRPS / (cpuUtilization / 100) * 0.7; // 70% target
  const headroom = ((maxRPS - currentRPS) / currentRPS) * 100;

  return {
    currentRPS,
    maxRPS: Math.floor(maxRPS),
    headroom: Math.round(headroom),
    scaleRecommendation: headroom < 30
      ? 'Scale up soon'
      : headroom < 50
      ? 'Monitor closely'
      : 'Adequate capacity',
  };
}

Benchmark Results Template

## Vercel Performance Benchmark
**Date:** YYYY-MM-DD
**Environment:** [staging/production]
**SDK Version:** X.Y.Z

### Test Configuration
- Duration: 10 minutes
- Ramp: 10 → 100 → 10 VUs
- Target endpoint: /v1/resource

### Results
| Metric | Value |
|--------|-------|
| Total Requests | 50,000 |
| Success Rate | 99.9% |
| P50 Latency | 120ms |
| P95 Latency | 350ms |
| P99 Latency | 800ms |
| Max RPS Achieved | 150 |

### Observations
- [Key finding 1]
- [Key finding 2]

### Recommendations
- [Scaling recommendation]

Instructions

Step 1: Create Load Test Script

Write k6 test script with appropriate thresholds.

Step 2: Configure Auto-Scaling

Set up HPA with CPU and custom metrics.

Step 3: Run Load Test

Execute test and collect metrics.

Step 4: Analyze and Document

Record results in benchmark template.

Output

• Load test script created
• HPA configured
• Benchmark results documented
• Capacity recommendations defined

Error Handling

Examples

Quick k6 Test

k6 run --vus 10 --duration 30s vercel-load-test.js

Check Current Capacity

const metrics = await getSystemMetrics();
const capacity = estimateVercelCapacity(metrics);
console.log('Headroom:', capacity.headroom + '%');
console.log('Recommendation:', capacity.scaleRecommendation);

Scale HPA Manually

kubectl scale deployment vercel-integration --replicas=5
kubectl get hpa vercel-integration-hpa

Resources

• k6 Documentation
• Kubernetes HPA
• Vercel Rate Limits

Next Steps

For reliability patterns, see vercel-reliability-patterns.