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Translation and localization guidelines for KoboToolbox content in French, Spanish, and Arabic. Use when translating KoboToolbox materials including: (1) Academy courses and educational content, (2) User interface text and documentation, (3) Support articles, (4) Marketing materials, (5) Form building terminology, or (6) XLSForm technical terms. Covers tone, pronouns (tú/usted, tu/vous), gender-inclusive language, and official translations for brand terms and UI elements.

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SKILL.md

name kobo-translation
description Translation and localization guidelines for KoboToolbox content in French, Spanish, and Arabic. Use when translating KoboToolbox materials including: (1) Academy courses and educational content, (2) User interface text and documentation, (3) Support articles, (4) Marketing materials, (5) Form building terminology, or (6) XLSForm technical terms. Covers tone, pronouns (tú/usted, tu/vous), gender-inclusive language, and official translations for brand terms and UI elements.

KoboToolbox Translation & Localization

Overview

Translate KoboToolbox content in French, Spanish, and Arabic with consistent terminology, appropriate tone, and cultural adaptation.

📹 For Video Subtitles/Transcripts: If you're translating SRT subtitle files, use the kobo-translation-srt skill extension which includes all base rules plus subtitle-specific guidelines for character limits, spoken language, and chunked translation.

Translation approach:

For NEW FILES (full translation):

  • Translate the complete source document provided
  • Use consistent terminology for reliable, repeatable translations
  • Follow all guidelines in this skill document

For UPDATES (diff-based translation):

  • You will receive ONLY the changed content from the source document
  • Translate ONLY what is provided between the markers
  • Do NOT translate anything outside the markers
  • Do NOT add explanations or extra content
  • Output ONLY the translated version of the diff content
  • The system will automatically merge your translation with the existing translated file

Why diff-based? LLMs are non-deterministic, so re-translating an entire document produces slightly different results each time, creating "translation noise" in git diffs. By translating only actual changes, we preserve manual reviewer improvements and reduce unnecessary churn.

🚨 CRITICAL: Pre-Translation Checklist

BEFORE starting translation, read these reference files:

  1. brand-terminology.md - For server names, Question Library, Formbuilder, and ALL brand terms
  2. ui-terminology.md - For button names, tabs, and capitalization rules

Common mistakes to avoid:

  • ❌ Translating server names incorrectly (missing articles or adding extra words)
  • ❌ Not including English term on first reference for Formbuilder
  • ❌ Missing capital article for "Question Library" / "La bibliothèque de questions" / "La biblioteca de preguntas"
  • ❌ Not capitalizing UI terms like "Brouillon" / "Borrador"
  • ❌ Using "de" article when it shouldn't be there in French data management terms

Quick Reference

Translation types:

  • OFFICIAL - Must use EXACT translation character-for-character (brand terms, UI elements, XLSForm terms)
  • Preferred - Can adapt for context (general terminology, course content)

Key principles:

  • ALWAYS check brand-terminology.md FIRST before translating any brand-related terms
  • Prioritize localization over literal translation
  • Use gender-inclusive language
  • Maintain consistency with KoboToolbox UI
  • Apply appropriate formality level (vous/tu, usted/tú)

Common Translation Pitfalls

⚠️ Brand Terms - Most Frequent Errors

❌ WRONG ✅ CORRECT Notes
Spanish: Servidor Global de KoboToolbox Servidor Global Do NOT add "de KoboToolbox"
Spanish: Servidor de la Unión Europea Servidor con sede en la Unión Europea Use full official name
French: serveur KoboToolbox mondial Le serveur KoboToolbox mondial Must include definite article "Le" (capitalized)
French: serveur Union européenne Le serveur KoboToolbox Union européenne Include article AND "KoboToolbox"
Spanish: la biblioteca de preguntas La biblioteca de preguntas Capital "L" for brand feature
French: la bibliothèque de questions La bibliothèque de questions Capital "L" for brand feature

⚠️ First Reference Rule - Frequently Missed

Formbuilder MUST include English on first reference:

Language First Reference Subsequent Uses
Spanish editor de formularios de KoboToolbox (Formbuilder) editor de formularios
French l'interface de création de formulaires KoboToolbox (KoboToolbox Formbuilder) interface de création de formulaires

⚠️ UI Capitalization - Often Forgotten

Term ❌ Wrong ✅ Correct
Draft (FR) formulaire brouillon formulaire Brouillon
Draft (ES) borrador Borrador (when in UI context)

⚠️ French Article Usage

Concept ❌ Wrong ✅ Correct Rule
Data management gestion de données gestion de données NO article for general concept
Managing your data gérer vos données gérer vos données ✓ Correct
Projects and data section title Gestion de projets et de données Gestion de projets et données NO "de" before "données" in compound titles

Translation Workflow

Step 0: MANDATORY First Step

🔴 STOP! Before translating anything:

  1. Identify all brand terms in the source text (KoboToolbox, servers, Question Library, Formbuilder, etc.)
  2. Open brand-terminology.md and verify EXACT translations
  3. Check ui-terminology.md for any UI elements (buttons, tabs, page names)
  4. Note any terms requiring "English + translation" on first reference

Step 1: Identify Content Type

Formal communications (server announcements, formal emails):

  • French: Use "vous", addressee "Cher utilisateur, Chère utilisatrice"
  • Spanish: Use "usted", addressee "Estimado usuario/a"

User Interface:

  • French: Use formal "vous" and "votre"
  • Spanish: Use informal "tú"

Courses and educational content (INCLUDES SUPPORT ARTICLES):

  • French: Use formal "vous" (even for individuals)
  • Spanish: Use informal "tú", "ustedes" for plural
  • Examples:
    • FR: "Les utilisatrices et utilisateurs débutant(e)s"
    • ES: "Se te dirigirá" (neutral, not "serás dirigido/a")

Support articles:

  • French: Use formal "vous"
  • Spanish: Use informal "tú"
  • Apply gender-inclusive language throughout

Informal communications (social media, blogs):

  • Context-dependent
  • Generally use "vous"/"usted" for semi-formal
  • May use "tu"/"tú" for very informal contexts

Video subtitles/transcripts (SRT files):

  • Use the kobo-translation-srt skill extension
  • All base rules apply PLUS subtitle-specific adaptations
  • Key differences:
    • XLSForm terms: English only (no translations due to character limits)
    • Character limits: 35-42 characters per line ideal, 50 max
    • Natural spoken language (more conversational than written)
    • Chunked translation approach to preserve context
  • Same formality levels as educational content (vous/tú)

Step 2: Check Terminology Category

🚨 Brand and product terms → See brand-terminology.md

  • OFFICIAL translations must be used EXACTLY (KoboToolbox, Academy, User Plans, servers, Question Library, etc.)
  • Pay special attention to:
    • Server names (require articles in French, specific wording in both languages)
    • Question Library (requires capital article in both languages)
    • Formbuilder (requires English + translation on first reference)
    • KoboCollect app name format

Form building and XLSForm → See form-building-terms.md

  • Many terms must include English + translation in parentheses
  • Video subtitles: English only (character limits)
  • Examples: list_name (nom de la liste), cascading select (Sélection en cascade)

Question types and appearances → See question-types.md

  • Question appearances in written content: English + translation
  • Example: "vertical, picker (sélecteur), rating (notation)"

UI terminology → See ui-terminology.md

  • OFFICIAL translations, capitalize per UI
  • Common UI terms: FORMULAIRE/FORMULARIO, DONNÉES/DATOS, Brouillon/Borrador
  • Flag any needed corrections in tracker

Data collection terms → See data-collection-terms.md

  • Preferred translations, adapt for context
  • Special rules for management, submissions, data collection

Course and learning platform → See course-terminology.md

  • Preferred translations
  • Context-specific adaptations allowed

Step 3: Apply Gender-Inclusive Language

French:

  • Use parenthetical markers: "utilisateur(rice)s", "débutant(e)s"
  • Use double forms: "Les utilisatrices et utilisateurs"
  • Course subtitles: "Vous serez redirigé(e)"

Spanish:

  • Strongly prefer neutral constructions: "Se te dirigirá" instead of "serás dirigido/a"
  • Use double forms for nouns: "los/as usuarios/as", "las/os participantes"
  • When no neutral option exists, use masculine: "los usuarios"
  • Apply throughout: Every mention of users/people should be inclusive

Arabic: [To be specified based on project needs]

Step 4: Handle Technical Terms

XLSForm and form building terms that must stay in English:

  • Written content: English followed by translation in parentheses on first use
  • Video subtitles: English only
  • Examples:
    • list_name (nom de la liste)
    • XML values (valeurs XML)
    • data column name (nom du champ)

Cascading select components: Always include English + translation approach:

"Pour chaque liste d'options, remplissez la colonne list_name (nom de la liste)."

Core Translation Principles

Localization over literal translation:

  • Adapt idioms and expressions naturally
  • Maintain technical accuracy
  • Ensure clarity for new users

Consistency:

  • Use same term for same concept throughout
  • Align with KoboToolbox UI terminology
  • Flag UI terminology corrections in tracker

Formatting:

  • Maintain spacing, paragraphs, structure when possible
  • Use concise sentences
  • Follow target language punctuation conventions
  • Avoid slang: "gonna" → "going to"
  • Convert HTML heading tags to markdown format: <h2>##, <h3>###, etc.
  • Preserve all other HTML tags and attributes (iframe, section, etc.)
  • Keep markdown link syntax intact
  • Don't translate image paths or URLs

Acronyms:

  • First use: Full translation followed by acronym in parentheses
  • If no common translated acronym exists, use English acronym
  • Example FR: "l'Agence des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés (HCNUR)"
  • Example ES: "Agencia de las Naciones Unidas para los refugiados (ACNUR)"

Plain language:

  • Technical content must be beginner-friendly
  • Avoid unnecessary jargon
  • Prioritize clarity

Natural language flow:

  • Don't force English sentence structure
  • Adapt word order to target language conventions
  • Use natural expressions, not literal translations

Common Translation Patterns

HTML and Markdown Elements

Preserve HTML structure:

  • Keep all HTML tags intact EXCEPT heading tags: <iframe>, <section>, etc.
  • IMPORTANT: Convert HTML heading tags to markdown headings:
    • <h1># (markdown h1)
    • <h2>## (markdown h2)
    • <h3>### (markdown h3)
    • <h4>#### (markdown h4)
    • Example: <h2>Why KoboToolbox is unique</h2>## Por qué KoboToolbox es único
  • Maintain non-heading attributes: dir="rtl", id, class, style, etc.
  • Do NOT translate HTML attributes or parameters

Metadata and front matter:

  • Preserve "Last updated" lines with dates and GitHub links
  • Format: **Last updated:** <a href="[github-url]" class="reference">[date]</a>
  • Keep the GitHub URL and class unchanged
  • Do NOT translate "Last updated" text - keep in English

Links and cross-references:

  • Preserve markdown link syntax: [Text](url.md)
  • Internal documentation links (same language): Keep relative links as-is - they automatically resolve to the correct language folder
    • Example: In docs/es/article_a.md, a link [other article](article_b.md) correctly points to docs/es/article_b.md
  • Cross-language reference links: Update the path to point to the correct language directory
    • From Spanish (docs/es/), link to:
      • English: ../en/filename.md → Example: [Read in English](../en/about_kobotoolbox.md)
      • French: ../fr/filename.md → Example: [Lire en français](../fr/about_kobotoolbox.md)
      • Arabic: ../ar/filename.md → Example: [اقرأ باللغة العربية](../ar/about_kobotoolbox.md)
    • From French (docs/fr/), link to:
      • English: ../en/filename.md
      • Spanish: ../es/filename.md
      • Arabic: ../ar/filename.md
    • From Arabic (docs/ar/), link to:
      • English: ../en/filename.md
      • Spanish: ../es/filename.md
      • French: ../fr/filename.md
  • Cross-language link text:
    • English: "Read in English"
    • French: "Lire en français"
    • Spanish: "Leer en español"
    • Arabic: "اقرأ باللغة العربية"
  • External links (https://...) translate the visible text but keep the URL unchanged
    • Example: [our mission](https://www.kobotoolbox.org/about-us/our-mission/) → FR: [notre mission](https://www.kobotoolbox.org/about-us/our-mission/)

Images:

  • Keep image paths unchanged: ![image](images/about_kobotoolbox/usermap.png)
  • Do NOT translate image file names or paths

YouTube embeds:

  • Update language parameters for target language:
    • cc_lang_pref=fr for French
    • cc_lang_pref=es for Spanish
    • cc_lang_pref=ar for Arabic
    • hl=fr / hl=es / hl=ar
  • Keep all other iframe attributes unchanged

Language-Specific Formatting

Title and heading conventions:

  • English: Title case for main headings ("About KoboToolbox: Accessible Data Collection")
  • French: Capitalize first word and proper nouns only ("À propos de KoboToolbox : Collecte de données accessible à toutes et tous")
  • Spanish: Capitalize first word and proper nouns only ("Acerca de KoboToolbox: Recolección de datos accesible para todas las personas")
  • CRITICAL: Always use markdown heading syntax (##, ###) NOT HTML tags (<h2>, <h3>)
  • Note: Some titles may use h1 (#), others h2 (##) - follow the source document's pattern

Inclusive language in titles:

  • French: "à toutes et tous" (to all, everyone - feminine and masculine)
  • Spanish: "para todas las personas" (for all people)

Section headers:

  • Use <h2> or <h3> tags for HTML format, or ## / ### for markdown
  • French examples: "Pourquoi KoboToolbox est unique", "Soutenir l'impact à échelle mondiale"
  • Spanish examples: "Por qué KoboToolbox es único", "Apoyamos el impacto global"
  • Note natural language variations: ES "Apoyamos" (we support) vs EN "Supporting" (present participle)

Arabic (RTL):

  • Wrap Arabic content in <section dir="rtl"> tags
  • Keep heading IDs: <h1 id="ar">
  • Cross-reference links stay OUTSIDE the RTL section
  • Arabic titles are placed inside RTL section with proper heading markup

Heading levels:

  • Maintain heading hierarchy (h1, h2, h3)
  • In Arabic translations, the h1 is inside the RTL section
  • Title may be rendered as h2 (##) in some contexts, h1 in others - follow source

French-Specific Rules

"Data collection":

  • Default: "collecte de données" (general concept)
  • Specific project data: "collecte des données"
  • Not: "collecte de données d'enquête"

"Submission/Record/Response": Context-dependent, see data-collection-terms.md for full guide:

  • Use "soumission" for data management contexts, UI, Data table
  • Use "réponse" or "formulaire" when less technical, avoid confusion

"Upload":

  • Primary: "importer"
  • Context: "envoyer" (e.g., send a form)
  • Not: "télécharger"

"View" (UI):

  • "mode" (mode Tableau, mode Carte)
  • Not: "affichage" or "aperçu" for UI elements

Website terms:

  • "site web" not "site Internet"
  • "web" lowercase: "formulaire web Enketo"

Verbs with object pronouns:

  • French naturally places pronouns before verbs: "les rend" (makes them)
  • Don't force English word order

Spanish-Specific Rules

"Management":

  • Data/case management: "manejo" (manejo de datos, manejo de casos)
  • Teams/projects: "gestión" (gestión de equipos, gestión de proyectos)

"Collect" (data):

  • Use "recolectar" not "recopilar"

Gender-neutral when possible:

  • Prefer "Se te dirigirá" over "serás dirigido/a"
  • Use masculine when no neutral option: "los usuarios"

Natural word order:

  • Spanish sentence structure may differ from English
  • Example: "makes data accessible" → "permite que los datos sean accesibles" (not literal translation)

Cross-Language Rules

"Disaggregate":

  • FR: "désagréger" (not "ventiler")
  • ES: "desagregar"

"Press" (button):

  • FR: "appuyer sur" (not "presser")
  • ES: "click en"

"Case sensitive":

  • FR: "sensibles à l'utilisation de majuscules et de minuscules" (not "sensible à la casse")
  • ES: "distingue entre mayúsculas y minúsculas"

Organization and context-specific terms:

  • "Social impact" → FR: "impact social" / ES: "impacto social"
  • "Practitioners" → FR: "praticiens" (context: data collection practitioners = "mختصين في جمع البيانات" in Arabic)
  • "Challenging settings" → FR: "environnements difficiles" / ES: "entornos desafiantes"

Adapting metaphors and expressions:

  • Don't translate idioms literally
  • Example: "accessible to/for" may require restructuring in target language
  • French: "rendre accessible" (make accessible) rather than "être accessible à"

Terminology References

For detailed term-by-term translations, consult these reference files:

Translation Decision Tree

START: Do I see ANY of these terms in the source text?
├─ Server names (Global Server, EU Server)?
│  └─ 🚨 STOP → Open brand-terminology.md → Use EXACT translation with articles
│
├─ "Question Library"?
│  └─ 🚨 STOP → Must be "La bibliothèque de questions" / "La biblioteca de preguntas" (capital L)
│
├─ "Formbuilder"?
│  └─ 🚨 STOP → First reference must include English in parentheses
│     ES: "editor de formularios de KoboToolbox (Formbuilder)"
│     FR: "l'interface de création de formulaires KoboToolbox (KoboToolbox Formbuilder)"
│
├─ UI element (button, tab, menu - like DEPLOY, NEW, FORM, DATA)?
│  └─ Check ui-terminology.md → Use OFFICIAL translation → Match UI capitalization
│
├─ Draft / Brouillon / Borrador?
│  └─ Capitalize in UI contexts: "Brouillon" / "Borrador"
│
├─ XLSForm technical term (list_name, cascading select)?
│  └─ Written: English + translation in parentheses
│     Subtitles: English only
│     See form-building-terms.md
│
├─ Question appearance (minimal, picker, rating)?
│  └─ Written: English + translation in parentheses
│     Subtitles: English only
│     See question-types.md
│
├─ Form building or data collection term?
│  └─ Check if OFFICIAL or PREFERRED
│     Apply OFFICIAL exactly; adapt PREFERRED for context
│     See relevant reference file
│
├─ Course or educational content?
│  └─ Use PREFERRED translations
│     Apply appropriate pronoun formality
│     See course-terminology.md
│
└─ Unsure about gender inclusivity?
   └─ Use gender-neutral language
      FR: vous + parenthetical markers (e)
      ES: neutral constructions or tú with "se te"

Enhanced Quality Checklist

Before finalizing translation:

** CRITICAL - Brand & UI Terms:**

  • All server names use EXACT translations from brand-terminology.md (with articles!)
  • "Question Library" has capital article: "La bibliothèque" / "La biblioteca"
  • Formbuilder includes English on first reference
  • All UI elements (buttons, tabs) match ui-terminology.md exactly
  • UI terms capitalized correctly (Brouillon, Borrador, etc.)

Structure & Formatting:

  • HTML heading tags converted to markdown (## for h2, ### for h3, etc.)
  • All other HTML tags preserved and unchanged (iframe, section, etc.)
  • Internal documentation links kept as relative paths (they auto-resolve correctly)
  • Cross-language reference links updated to use directory paths (../en/, ../es/, ../fr/, ../ar/)
  • External links: translated text, unchanged URLs
  • Image paths unchanged
  • YouTube embed language parameters updated (cc_lang_pref, hl)
  • Arabic content wrapped in <section dir="rtl"> tags
  • Heading hierarchy maintained

Language & Style:

  • Correct formality level (vous/tu, usted/tú) for content type
  • Gender-inclusive language throughout (especially Spanish double forms)
  • XLSForm/technical terms follow English + translation pattern
  • Consistent terminology (same term for same concept)
  • Plain language, beginner-friendly
  • Proper acronym handling (full term + acronym first use)
  • Target language punctuation conventions
  • No slang or colloquialisms
  • Natural word order (not forced English structure)

French-Specific:

  • "collecte de données" (not "collecte des données" unless specific data)
  • "importer" for upload (not "télécharger")
  • Gender-inclusive forms used: "utilisatrices et utilisateurs"
  • Natural pronoun placement: "les rend" not forced English order

Spanish-Specific:

  • "recolectar" for collect (not "recopilar")
  • "manejo" for data/case management, "gestión" for teams/projects
  • Gender-inclusive: "los/as usuarios/as" throughout
  • Neutral constructions preferred: "Se te dirigirá"
  • Natural sentence structure adapted from English

Translation Error Examples

Real-World Translation Patterns

Example from actual translations:

Source English: "KoboToolbox makes high quality data accessible to social impact organizations worldwide."

✅ CORRECT French (adapted structure): "KoboToolbox rend les données de haute qualité accessibles aux organisations à impact social dans le monde entier."

✅ CORRECT Spanish (adapted structure): "KoboToolbox permite que los datos de alta calidad sean accesibles para organizaciones de impacto social a nivel mundial."

Key observations:

  • French naturally restructures: "makes data accessible" → "rend les données accessibles" (makes the data accessible)
  • Spanish restructures differently: "permite que los datos sean accesibles" (permits that the data be accessible)
  • Both translations adapt to natural target language expressions rather than forcing English structure

Source English: "Designed by data collection practitioners specifically for challenging settings"

✅ CORRECT French: "Conçu par des praticiens de la collecte de données spécifiquement pour des environnements difficiles"

✅ CORRECT Spanish: "Fue diseñado por personas profesionales de la recolección de datos específicamente para entornos desafiantes"

✅ CORRECT Arabic: "مُصممة من قبل مختصين في جمع البيانات للتعامل مع الظروف الصعبة بشكل خاص"

Key observations:

  • Spanish uses gender-inclusive "personas profesionales" instead of literal "practitioners"
  • Spanish adds "Fue" (was) for natural past tense flow
  • Arabic restructures significantly: "designed... for dealing with difficult circumstances especially"
  • All prioritize natural expression over literal translation

Example 1: Server Names

Source: "Most users sign up for an account on our Global KoboToolbox Server."

❌ WRONG Spanish: "La mayoría de los usuarios se registran en nuestro Servidor Global de KoboToolbox."

✅ CORRECT Spanish: "La mayoría de los/as usuarios/as se registran en nuestro Servidor Global."

Errors fixed:

  1. Removed "de KoboToolbox" (not in official name)
  2. Added gender inclusivity: "los/as usuarios/as"

❌ WRONG French: "La plupart des utilisateurs s'inscrivent sur notre serveur KoboToolbox mondial."

✅ CORRECT French: "La plupart des utilisatrices et utilisateurs s'inscrivent sur notre Le serveur KoboToolbox mondial."

Errors fixed:

  1. Added definite article "Le" (capitalized)
  2. Added gender inclusivity: "utilisatrices et utilisateurs"

Example 2: Question Library

Source: "Build a form using a template from the question library."

❌ WRONG Spanish: "Elabora un formulario usando una plantilla de la biblioteca de preguntas."

✅ CORRECT Spanish: "Elabora un formulario usando una plantilla de La biblioteca de preguntas."

Error fixed: Capitalized "L" in "La" (brand feature name)

Example 3: Formbuilder First Reference

Source: "Create a new form using the KoboToolbox Formbuilder."

❌ WRONG French: "Créez un nouveau formulaire en utilisant l'interface de création de formulaires KoboToolbox."

✅ CORRECT French: "Créez un nouveau formulaire en utilisant l'interface de création de formulaires KoboToolbox (KoboToolbox Formbuilder)."

Error fixed: Added English term in parentheses on first reference

Example 4: HTML Headings to Markdown

Source (English with HTML tags):

<h3>Why KoboToolbox is unique</h3>

KoboToolbox is hosted and maintained by the international nonprofit organization...

<h3>Supporting global impact</h3>

KoboToolbox is the most widely used data collection tool...

✅ CORRECT Spanish (converted to markdown):

## Por qué KoboToolbox es único

KoboToolbox es una organización internacional sin fines de lucro...

## Apoyamos el impacto global

KoboToolbox es la herramienta de recolección de datos más utilizada...

❌ WRONG Spanish (keeping HTML tags):

<h3>Por qué KoboToolbox es único</h3>

KoboToolbox es una organización internacional sin fines de lucro...

Error fixed: Converted HTML <h3> tags to markdown ## (since h3 corresponds to ##)

Key observations:

  • Always convert HTML heading tags to markdown format
  • Maintain the heading level: h1→#, h2→##, h3→###, h4→####
  • Keep all other HTML tags (iframe, section, etc.) intact

Example 5: Internal and Cross-Language Links

Source (English file in docs/en/p_codes.md):

# Including P-Codes in the Output Data

[Lire en français](../fr/p_codes.md) | [Leer en español](../es/p_codes.md)

If using cascading lists, please [follow the instructions](cascading_select.md)
for cascading selects.

✅ CORRECT Spanish translation (file in docs/es/p_codes.md):

# Incluir P-Codes en los datos de salida

[Read in English](../en/p_codes.md) | [Lire en français](../fr/p_codes.md)

Si utilizas listas en cascada, por favor [sigue las instrucciones](cascading_select.md)
para selecciones en cascada.

Key observations:

  • Internal doc link cascading_select.md stays as-is (relative path auto-resolves to docs/es/cascading_select.md)
  • Cross-language links updated to use directory structure (../en/, ../fr/)
  • Link text translated appropriately for each language

❌ WRONG Spanish translation:

[Read in English](p_codes.md) | [Lire en français](p_codes_fr.md)

Si utilizas listas en cascada, por favor [sigue las instrucciones](cascading_select_es.md)

Errors:

  • Cross-language links don't specify the language directory
  • Internal link incorrectly uses _es suffix instead of relying on relative path

Example 6: Natural Language Flow

Source: "To support our nonprofit users, we provide our tools for free under the Community Plan."

✅ CORRECT French (natural structure): "Pour soutenir nos utilisateurs sans but lucratif, nous fournissons nos outils gratuitement dans le cadre du plan Community."

✅ CORRECT Spanish (natural structure): "Para apoyar a nuestros usuarios sin fines de lucro, proporcionamos nuestras herramientas de forma gratuita bajo el plan Community."

Key observations:

  • French: "for free" → "gratuitement" (as adverb, not "pour gratuit")
  • French: "under the plan" → "dans le cadre du plan" (in the framework of)
  • Spanish: "for free" → "de forma gratuita" (in free form)
  • Spanish: "nonprofit users" → "usuarios sin fines de lucro" (different word order)

Notes

Reporting issues: If UI terminology needs correction, flag in comment and record in appropriate tracker or communications channel.

Working document: This is a living guideline. Feedback welcome. More languages and terms will be added.

Reference documents:

  • KoboToolbox Academy Course Style Guide
  • Essentials Translation Glossary (Master)
  • Transifex UI translations
  • UN Women Gender Inclusive Language (Spanish)
  • Clear Global terminology documents