Playwright Page Objects

Expert guidance for organizing Playwright tests with Page Object Model.

Quick Reference

What Do You Need?

1. Page objects - Classes representing pages/components
2. Fixtures - Auth, database, test setup
3. Test data - Generators, factories
4. Helpers - Navigation, assertions
5. Organization - File structure, naming

Specify a number or describe your test organization need.

Routing

Essential Principles

Page Object Model: Separate page structure (Locators) from test logic (assertions). Makes tests resilient to UI changes.

Fixtures for setup: Extend test context with authenticated pages, database seeders, or other test utilities.

Helpers for reuse: Extract common operations (navigation, waits) into helper functions.

Test data factories: Generate test data programmatically, not hardcoded values.

File Structure

tests/
├── fixtures/
│   ├── auth.ts          # Authentication helpers
│   ├── database.ts      # Database seeding
│   └── test-data.ts     # Data generators
├── pages/
│   ├── login.page.ts    # Page objects
│   ├── dashboard.page.ts
│   └── ...
├── helpers/
│   ├── navigation.ts    # Navigation helpers
│   └── assertions.ts    # Custom assertions
├── e2e/
│   ├── auth.spec.ts     # Test specs
│   └── ...
└── playwright.config.ts

Code Patterns

Page Object

// pages/login.page.ts
import { Page, Locator } from '@playwright/test'

export class LoginPage {
  readonly page: Page
  readonly emailInput: Locator
  readonly passwordInput: Locator
  readonly submitButton: Locator

  constructor(page: Page) {
    this.page = page
    this.emailInput = page.getByTestId('email-input')
    this.passwordInput = page.getByTestId('password-input')
    this.submitButton = page.getByTestId('submit-button')
  }

  async goto() {
    await this.page.goto('/login')
  }

  async login(email: string, password: string) {
    await this.emailInput.fill(email)
    await this.passwordInput.fill(password)
    await this.submitButton.click()
  }
}

Auth Fixture

// fixtures/auth.ts
import { test as base } from '@playwright/test'

type AuthFixtures = {
  authenticatedPage: Page
}

export const test = base.extend<AuthFixtures>({
  authenticatedPage: async ({ page }, use) => {
    const user = await createTestUser()

    await page.goto('/login')
    await page.getByTestId('email-input').fill(user.email)
    await page.getByTestId('password-input').fill(user.password)
    await page.getByTestId('submit-button').click()
    await page.waitForURL('/dashboard')

    await use(page)

    await deleteTestUser(user.id)
  },
})

export const expect = test.expect

Using in Tests

// e2e/auth.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '../fixtures/auth'
import { LoginPage } from '../pages/login.page'

test.describe('Authentication', () => {
  test('successful login', async ({ page }) => {
    const loginPage = new LoginPage(page)
    await loginPage.goto()
    await loginPage.login('user@example.com', 'password123')

    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/dashboard')
  })
})

Reference Index

Success Criteria

Tests are well-organized when:

• Page objects separate Locators from test logic
• Fixtures handle setup/teardown automatically
• Test data generated, not hardcoded
• Helpers extract reusable operations
• Test specs read like documentation