Dockerfile Review

Audit Dockerfiles for security, efficiency, and best practices.

Instructions

1. Read the Dockerfile
2. Check for issues in each category below
3. Report findings with severity (critical/warning/suggestion)
4. Provide specific fixes with corrected code

Security checks

• MUST flag USER root without switching back
• MUST flag secrets in ENV, ARG, or COPY (API keys, passwords)
• MUST flag apt-get install without --no-install-recommends
• Flag missing USER directive (runs as root by default)
• Flag COPY . . (may include secrets, .git, etc.)
• Flag :latest tags (unpinned versions)
• Flag curl | sh patterns

Optimization checks

• Multi-stage builds for compiled languages
• Layer ordering (least-changing first)
• Combined RUN statements to reduce layers
• Cache mounts for package managers: --mount=type=cache
• .dockerignore file exists and covers .git, node_modules, etc.
• apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* in same layer

Best practices

# Good: pinned, non-root, minimal
FROM python:3.11-slim@sha256:abc123...
WORKDIR /app
RUN useradd -r -s /bin/false appuser
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/pip \
    pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY --chown=appuser:appuser . .
USER appuser
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

Output format

## Critical
- Line 5: Running as root without USER directive

## Warnings
- Line 12: Using :latest tag - pin to specific version

## Suggestions
- Line 8-10: Combine RUN statements to reduce layers

Rules

• MUST read the Dockerfile before reviewing
• MUST categorize issues by severity
• Never approve Dockerfiles with hardcoded secrets
• Always check for corresponding .dockerignore