| name | languages-frameworks |
| description | Expert guidance on 9 programming languages and 10+ frameworks. Compare, select, and master language ecosystems. |
| triggers | python, javascript, typescript, java, go, rust, language comparison, framework selection |
| parameters | [object Object] |
| outputs | [object Object] |
| retry | [object Object] |
| observability | [object Object] |
| level | intermediate-to-advanced |
Languages & Frameworks Skill
Quick Reference
| Goal |
Primary |
Alternative |
Learning Time |
| Web Backend |
Python |
JavaScript |
2-3 months |
| AI/ML |
Python |
- |
3-6 months |
| Systems |
Go |
Rust |
2-4 months |
| Enterprise |
Java |
C# |
4-6 months |
| Android |
Kotlin |
- |
3-4 months |
| iOS |
Swift |
- |
3-4 months |
2025 Language Rankings
Tier 1: Highest Demand
| Language |
TIOBE |
Use Cases |
Ecosystem |
| Python |
#1 |
AI/ML, Web, Automation |
Excellent |
| JavaScript |
#6 |
Full-stack Web |
Excellent |
| TypeScript |
#7 |
Large-scale Apps |
Excellent |
| Java |
#4 |
Enterprise |
Excellent |
Tier 2: Growing Demand
| Language |
TIOBE |
Use Cases |
Ecosystem |
| Go |
#8 |
Cloud, DevOps |
Good |
| Rust |
#14 |
Systems, WASM |
Growing |
| Kotlin |
#18 |
Android, Server |
Good |
Framework Selection
Frontend (2025)
| Framework |
Best For |
Learning |
Bundle |
| React 19 |
Large apps |
Medium |
42kb |
| Vue 3 |
Simplicity |
Easy |
34kb |
| Svelte 5 |
Performance |
Easy |
2kb |
| Angular 18 |
Enterprise |
Hard |
90kb |
Backend (2025)
| Framework |
Language |
Best For |
Perf |
| FastAPI |
Python |
ML APIs |
Good |
| NestJS |
TypeScript |
Enterprise |
Good |
| Gin |
Go |
Performance |
Excellent |
| Spring Boot |
Java |
Enterprise |
Good |
Decision Flowchart
What are you building?
│
├─► Web app (startup)
│ └─► Python + FastAPI OR TypeScript + NestJS
│
├─► Web app (enterprise)
│ └─► Java + Spring Boot OR TypeScript + NestJS
│
├─► AI/ML application
│ └─► Python (no alternatives match ecosystem)
│
├─► High-performance API
│ └─► Go + Gin OR Rust + Actix
│
├─► Mobile app
│ ├─► iOS only → Swift
│ ├─► Android only → Kotlin
│ └─► Cross-platform → Flutter (Dart)
│
└─► CLI/Systems tool
└─► Go (simpler) OR Rust (safer)
Ecosystem Essentials
| Language |
Package Mgr |
Formatter |
Linter |
Testing |
| Python |
uv, pip |
ruff |
ruff |
pytest |
| JavaScript |
pnpm |
prettier |
eslint |
vitest |
| Go |
go mod |
gofmt |
golangci-lint |
go test |
| Rust |
cargo |
rustfmt |
clippy |
cargo test |
| Java |
maven |
google-java-format |
spotbugs |
junit |
Learning Timelines
| Language |
Basics |
Productive |
Expert |
| Python |
2 wk |
2 mo |
1+ yr |
| JavaScript |
3 wk |
3 mo |
1+ yr |
| TypeScript |
2 wk* |
1 mo* |
6+ mo* |
| Go |
2 wk |
2 mo |
6 mo |
| Rust |
2 mo |
6 mo |
2+ yr |
| Java |
1 mo |
4 mo |
1+ yr |
*Assumes JavaScript knowledge
Troubleshooting
Can't decide between languages?
├─► Define end goal first (not "learn programming")
├─► Check team/company constraints
├─► Default: Python (most versatile) or TypeScript (web)
└─► Don't spend >1 day deciding
"Is X language dying?"
├─► PHP: NO - 77% of web, Laravel thriving
├─► Java: NO - #4 TIOBE, enterprise standard
├─► Ruby: Stable niche, not growing
└─► Perl: Legacy only, avoid for new projects
Learning multiple languages?
├─► Master ONE language first (6+ months)
├─► Then learn opposite paradigm
├─► Max 2 deeply before broadening
└─► Breadth without depth = unemployable
Common Failure Modes
| Symptom |
Root Cause |
Recovery |
| Analysis paralysis |
Too many options |
Apply constraints, decide today |
| Chasing new frameworks |
FOMO |
Stick with 2+ year old tools |
| Wrong tool for job |
Ignoring requirements |
Revisit decision flowchart |
| Framework lock-in |
Learned framework, not language |
Go back to fundamentals |
Next Actions
Describe your use case to get a personalized recommendation.