Mobile Development Skills

iOS Development (Swift)

import SwiftUI

struct ContentView: View {
  @State private var count = 0
  @State private var isLoading = false
  @State private var error: Error?

  var body: some View {
    VStack {
      if isLoading {
        ProgressView()
      } else if let error = error {
        ErrorView(error: error, retry: loadData)
      } else {
        Text("Count: \(count)")
          .font(.headline)
        Button(action: { count += 1 }) {
          Text("Increment")
        }
      }
    }
    .task { await loadData() }
  }

  func loadData() async {
    isLoading = true
    defer { isLoading = false }
    do {
      // Fetch data
    } catch {
      self.error = error
    }
  }
}

// MVVM Pattern with Error Handling
@MainActor
class ViewModel: ObservableObject {
  @Published var items: [Item] = []
  @Published var error: Error?
  @Published var isLoading = false

  func fetchItems() async {
    isLoading = true
    defer { isLoading = false }

    do {
      items = try await APIService.getItems()
    } catch {
      self.error = error
    }
  }
}

Android Development (Kotlin)

import androidx.compose.material3.*
import androidx.compose.runtime.*
import androidx.lifecycle.viewmodel.compose.viewModel

@Composable
fun CounterApp(viewModel: CounterViewModel = viewModel()) {
  val uiState by viewModel.uiState.collectAsState()

  Scaffold(
    topBar = { TopAppBar(title = { Text("Counter") }) }
  ) { padding ->
    Box(modifier = Modifier.padding(padding)) {
      when (val state = uiState) {
        is UiState.Loading -> CircularProgressIndicator()
        is UiState.Error -> ErrorMessage(state.message)
        is UiState.Success -> {
          Button(onClick = { viewModel.increment() }) {
            Text("Count: ${state.count}")
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// ViewModel with sealed class state
class CounterViewModel : ViewModel() {
  private val _uiState = MutableStateFlow<UiState>(UiState.Loading)
  val uiState: StateFlow<UiState> = _uiState.asStateFlow()

  sealed class UiState {
    object Loading : UiState()
    data class Success(val count: Int) : UiState()
    data class Error(val message: String) : UiState()
  }
}

React Native with Error Boundaries

import React, { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
import { View, Text, Button, ActivityIndicator } from 'react-native';

export default function App() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
  const [error, setError] = useState(null);

  const fetchData = useCallback(async () => {
    setLoading(true);
    setError(null);
    try {
      const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data');
      if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
      const data = await response.json();
      setCount(data.count);
    } catch (err) {
      setError(err.message);
    } finally {
      setLoading(false);
    }
  }, []);

  useEffect(() => {
    fetchData();
  }, [fetchData]);

  if (loading) return <ActivityIndicator />;
  if (error) return <ErrorView message={error} onRetry={fetchData} />;

  return (
    <View style={{ padding: 20 }}>
      <Text style={{ fontSize: 20 }}>Count: {count}</Text>
      <Button title="Increment" onPress={() => setCount(c => c + 1)} />
    </View>
  );
}

Flutter with State Management

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:provider/provider.dart';

void main() => runApp(
  ChangeNotifierProvider(
    create: (_) => CounterProvider(),
    child: MyApp(),
  ),
);

class CounterProvider extends ChangeNotifier {
  int _count = 0;
  bool _loading = false;
  String? _error;

  int get count => _count;
  bool get loading => _loading;
  String? get error => _error;

  Future<void> increment() async {
    _loading = true;
    _error = null;
    notifyListeners();

    try {
      await Future.delayed(Duration(milliseconds: 100));
      _count++;
    } catch (e) {
      _error = e.toString();
    } finally {
      _loading = false;
      notifyListeners();
    }
  }
}

class CounterPage extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Consumer<CounterProvider>(
      builder: (context, provider, child) {
        if (provider.loading) return CircularProgressIndicator();
        if (provider.error != null) return ErrorWidget(provider.error!);

        return ElevatedButton(
          onPressed: () => provider.increment(),
          child: Text('Count: ${provider.count}'),
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

State Management Comparison

Mobile Best Practices

• Performance: Optimize bundle size, lazy loading
• Battery: Minimize background operations
• Offline: Support offline-first sync
• Accessibility: VoiceOver/TalkBack support
• Security: Keychain/Keystore for secrets
• Testing: Unit, widget, and integration tests

Unit Test Template

// React Native Test
import { render, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react-native';

describe('Counter', () => {
  test('increments on press', async () => {
    const { getByText } = render(<Counter />);

    fireEvent.press(getByText('Increment'));

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(getByText('Count: 1')).toBeTruthy();
    });
  });
});

// Swift Test
import XCTest
@testable import MyApp

class CounterTests: XCTestCase {
  func testIncrement() async {
    let viewModel = ViewModel()
    await viewModel.increment()
    XCTAssertEqual(viewModel.count, 1)
  }
}

Troubleshooting Guide

Key Concepts Checklist

• SwiftUI/Compose UI basics
• State management patterns
• Navigation stacks
• Network requests with retry
• Local storage (preferences, databases)
• Async operations
• Error handling
• Loading states
• Testing strategies
• Performance optimization
• App store requirements
• Code signing
• Debugging tools

Source: https://roadmap.sh Version: 2.0.0 Last Updated: 2025-01-01