Chart.js Advanced Techniques (v4.5.1)

Guide to advanced Chart.js customization including gradients, custom chart types, and programmatic control.

Gradients

Create visual depth with linear and radial gradients.

Linear Gradients

const ctx = document.getElementById('myChart').getContext('2d');

// Create gradient
const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, 400);
gradient.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 1)');
gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 0.5)');
gradient.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(75, 192, 192, 0.1)');

const chart = new Chart(ctx, {
  type: 'line',
  data: {
    labels: ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May'],
    datasets: [{
      label: 'Sales',
      data: [12, 19, 3, 5, 2],
      backgroundColor: gradient,
      borderColor: 'rgb(75, 192, 192)',
      fill: true
    }]
  }
});

Dynamic Gradients (Responsive)

function createGradient(ctx, chartArea) {
  const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, chartArea.bottom, 0, chartArea.top);
  gradient.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(54, 162, 235, 0)');
  gradient.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(54, 162, 235, 1)');
  return gradient;
}

const chart = new Chart(ctx, {
  type: 'line',
  data: {
    labels: ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar'],
    datasets: [{
      label: 'Revenue',
      data: [10, 20, 30],
      backgroundColor: function(context) {
        const chart = context.chart;
        const {ctx, chartArea} = chart;
        if (!chartArea) {
          return null;  // Chart not initialized yet
        }
        return createGradient(ctx, chartArea);
      }
    }]
  }
});

Radial Gradients

function createRadialGradient(ctx, chartArea) {
  const width = chartArea.right - chartArea.left;
  const height = chartArea.bottom - chartArea.top;
  const centerX = (chartArea.left + chartArea.right) / 2;
  const centerY = (chartArea.top + chartArea.bottom) / 2;
  const r = Math.min(width, height) / 2;

  const gradient = ctx.createRadialGradient(centerX, centerY, 0, centerX, centerY, r);
  gradient.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 1)');
  gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 0.5)');
  gradient.addColorStop(1, 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 0)');

  return gradient;
}

// Use with pie/doughnut charts
datasets: [{
  data: [300, 50, 100],
  backgroundColor: function(context) {
    const chart = context.chart;
    const {ctx, chartArea} = chart;
    if (!chartArea) return null;
    return createRadialGradient(ctx, chartArea);
  }
}]

Multi-Dataset Gradients

const gradients = [
  { start: 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 1)', end: 'rgba(255, 99, 132, 0.1)' },
  { start: 'rgba(54, 162, 235, 1)', end: 'rgba(54, 162, 235, 0.1)' },
  { start: 'rgba(255, 206, 86, 1)', end: 'rgba(255, 206, 86, 0.1)' }
];

datasets: gradients.map((colors, i) => ({
  label: `Dataset ${i + 1}`,
  data: data[i],
  backgroundColor: function(context) {
    const chart = context.chart;
    const {ctx, chartArea} = chart;
    if (!chartArea) return null;

    const gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, chartArea.bottom, 0, chartArea.top);
    gradient.addColorStop(0, colors.end);
    gradient.addColorStop(1, colors.start);
    return gradient;
  }
}))

Custom Chart Types

Extend existing chart types or create new ones.

Extending Bar Controller

import {Chart, BarController} from 'chart.js';

class CustomBarController extends BarController {
  // Override draw method
  draw() {
    super.draw();

    // Add custom drawing
    const meta = this.getMeta();
    const ctx = this.chart.ctx;

    meta.data.forEach(bar => {
      const {x, y, base, width} = bar.getProps(['x', 'y', 'base', 'width']);

      // Draw custom element
      ctx.save();
      ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5)';
      ctx.fillRect(x - width/2, y - 5, width, 5);
      ctx.restore();
    });
  }

  // Override update method
  update(mode) {
    const meta = this.getMeta();

    // Custom update logic
    this.updateElements(meta.data, 0, meta.data.length, mode);
  }
}

CustomBarController.id = 'customBar';
CustomBarController.defaults = {
  ...BarController.defaults,
  // Add custom default options
  customOption: true
};

Chart.register(CustomBarController);

// Use custom chart type
const chart = new Chart(ctx, {
  type: 'customBar',
  data: data
});

Creating Derived Bubble Chart

import {Chart, BubbleController} from 'chart.js';

class DerivedBubble extends BubbleController {
  draw() {
    // Call parent draw
    super.draw();

    // Add custom decoration
    const meta = this.getMeta();
    const firstPoint = meta.data[0];
    const {x, y} = firstPoint.getProps(['x', 'y']);
    const {radius} = firstPoint.options;

    const ctx = this.chart.ctx;
    ctx.save();
    ctx.strokeStyle = this.options.boxStrokeStyle;
    ctx.lineWidth = 2;
    ctx.strokeRect(x - radius, y - radius, 2 * radius, 2 * radius);
    ctx.restore();
  }
}

DerivedBubble.id = 'derivedBubble';
DerivedBubble.defaults = {
  boxStrokeStyle: 'red'
};

Chart.register(DerivedBubble);

Custom Scales

Create custom axis types.

Logarithmic Base-2 Scale

import {Chart, Scale} from 'chart.js';

class Log2Axis extends Scale {
  constructor(cfg) {
    super(cfg);
    this.start = undefined;
    this.end = undefined;
  }

  parse(raw, index) {
    const value = +raw;
    return isFinite(value) ? value : null;
  }

  determineDataLimits() {
    const {min, max} = this.getMinMax(true);
    this.min = min;
    this.max = max;
  }

  buildTicks() {
    const ticks = [];
    let power = Math.floor(Math.log2(this.min));
    let value = Math.pow(2, power);

    while (value < this.max) {
      ticks.push({value});
      power++;
      value = Math.pow(2, power);
    }

    return ticks;
  }

  getPixelForValue(value) {
    if (value === undefined || value === 0) {
      value = this.min;
    }

    const decimal = (Math.log2(value) - Math.log2(this.min)) / (Math.log2(this.max) - Math.log2(this.min));
    return this.getPixelForDecimal(decimal);
  }

  getValueForPixel(pixel) {
    const decimal = this.getDecimalForPixel(pixel);
    return Math.pow(2, Math.log2(this.min) + decimal * (Math.log2(this.max) - Math.log2(this.min)));
  }
}

Log2Axis.id = 'log2';
Log2Axis.defaults = {};

Chart.register(Log2Axis);

// Use custom scale
const chart = new Chart(ctx, {
  type: 'line',
  data: data,
  options: {
    scales: {
      y: {
        type: 'log2'
      }
    }
  }
});

Programmatic Interactions

Control chart interactions via API.

Trigger Hover Programmatically

function triggerHover(chart, datasetIndex, index) {
  if (chart.getActiveElements().length > 0) {
    // Clear active elements
    chart.setActiveElements([]);
  } else {
    // Set active elements
    chart.setActiveElements([
      {datasetIndex: 0, index: 0},
      {datasetIndex: 1, index: 0}
    ]);
  }
  chart.update();
}

// Usage
triggerHover(chart, 0, 2);  // Highlight first dataset, third point

Trigger Tooltip Programmatically

function triggerTooltip(chart, datasetIndex, index) {
  const tooltip = chart.tooltip;

  if (tooltip.getActiveElements().length > 0) {
    // Hide tooltip
    tooltip.setActiveElements([], {x: 0, y: 0});
  } else {
    // Show tooltip
    const chartArea = chart.chartArea;
    tooltip.setActiveElements([
      {datasetIndex, index}
    ], {
      x: (chartArea.left + chartArea.right) / 2,
      y: (chartArea.top + chartArea.bottom) / 2
    });
  }

  chart.update();
}

// Usage
triggerTooltip(chart, 0, 3);  // Show tooltip for first dataset, fourth point

Simulate Click Event

function simulateClick(chart, x, y) {
  const event = {
    type: 'click',
    x: x,
    y: y,
    native: {
      clientX: x,
      clientY: y
    }
  };

  chart.handleEvent(event);
}

// Click center of chart
const chartArea = chart.chartArea;
const centerX = (chartArea.left + chartArea.right) / 2;
const centerY = (chartArea.top + chartArea.bottom) / 2;
simulateClick(chart, centerX, centerY);

Dynamic Updates

Advanced data update patterns.

Smooth Data Streaming

function addDataPoint(chart, label, data) {
  chart.data.labels.push(label);
  chart.data.datasets.forEach((dataset, i) => {
    dataset.data.push(data[i]);
  });

  // Keep last 20 points
  if (chart.data.labels.length > 20) {
    chart.data.labels.shift();
    chart.data.datasets.forEach(dataset => {
      dataset.data.shift();
    });
  }

  chart.update('active');  // Use active transition for smooth updates
}

// Stream data every second
setInterval(() => {
  addDataPoint(chart, new Date().toLocaleTimeString(), [
    Math.random() * 100,
    Math.random() * 100
  ]);
}, 1000);

Update Without Animation

// No animation
chart.data.datasets[0].data = [10, 20, 30, 40];
chart.update('none');

// Or disable for single update
chart.update({duration: 0});

Performance Optimization

Data Decimation

options: {
  plugins: {
    decimation: {
      enabled: true,
      algorithm: 'lttb',  // Largest Triangle Three Buckets
      samples: 500        // Target number of samples
    }
  }
}

Disable Animations for Large Datasets

const dataPoints = data.datasets[0].data.length;

options: {
  animation: dataPoints > 1000 ? false : {
    duration: 1000,
    easing: 'easeOutQuart'
  }
}

Additional Resources

Examples

• examples/gradient-backgrounds.html - Gradient pattern library (vertical, horizontal, radial, diagonal)
• examples/custom-chart-type.html - Complete custom controller example (DerivedBubble)

References

• references/controller-api.md - Chart controller API and TypeScript declarations
• references/scale-api.md - Scale API for custom axis types
• references/performance-optimization.md - Comprehensive performance tuning guide