React Native Development

Build native iOS and Android apps with React Native and Expo.

Framework Options

Project Setup

Expo (Recommended)

npx create-expo-app@latest my-app
cd my-app
npx expo start

React Native CLI

npx @react-native-community/cli init MyApp
cd MyApp
npx react-native run-ios  # or run-android

Core Components

Basic Structure

import { View, Text, StyleSheet, ScrollView, SafeAreaView } from 'react-native';

export default function App() {
  return (
    <SafeAreaView style={styles.container}>
      <ScrollView contentContainerStyle={styles.content}>
        <Text style={styles.title}>Hello World</Text>
      </ScrollView>
    </SafeAreaView>
  );
}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    backgroundColor: '#fff',
  },
  content: {
    padding: 16,
  },
  title: {
    fontSize: 24,
    fontWeight: 'bold',
  },
});

Common Components

import {
  View,
  Text,
  Image,
  TextInput,
  TouchableOpacity,
  Pressable,
  FlatList,
  ActivityIndicator,
  Modal,
  Switch,
} from 'react-native';

// Touchable with feedback
<Pressable
  onPress={handlePress}
  style={({ pressed }) => [
    styles.button,
    pressed && styles.buttonPressed,
  ]}
>
  <Text>Press Me</Text>
</Pressable>

// Text Input
<TextInput
  value={text}
  onChangeText={setText}
  placeholder="Enter text"
  style={styles.input}
  autoCapitalize="none"
  keyboardType="email-address"
  returnKeyType="done"
  onSubmitEditing={handleSubmit}
/>

// Image
<Image
  source={{ uri: 'https://example.com/image.jpg' }}
  style={{ width: 100, height: 100 }}
  resizeMode="cover"
/>

Navigation

React Navigation Setup

npm install @react-navigation/native @react-navigation/native-stack
npx expo install react-native-screens react-native-safe-area-context

Stack Navigation

import { NavigationContainer } from '@react-navigation/native';
import { createNativeStackNavigator } from '@react-navigation/native-stack';

type RootStackParamList = {
  Home: undefined;
  Details: { itemId: string };
};

const Stack = createNativeStackNavigator<RootStackParamList>();

export default function App() {
  return (
    <NavigationContainer>
      <Stack.Navigator initialRouteName="Home">
        <Stack.Screen
          name="Home"
          component={HomeScreen}
          options={{ title: 'My App' }}
        />
        <Stack.Screen
          name="Details"
          component={DetailsScreen}
          options={({ route }) => ({ title: route.params.itemId })}
        />
      </Stack.Navigator>
    </NavigationContainer>
  );
}

// Navigate
navigation.navigate('Details', { itemId: '123' });

// Go back
navigation.goBack();

Tab Navigation

import { createBottomTabNavigator } from '@react-navigation/bottom-tabs';
import { Ionicons } from '@expo/vector-icons';

const Tab = createBottomTabNavigator();

function TabNavigator() {
  return (
    <Tab.Navigator
      screenOptions={({ route }) => ({
        tabBarIcon: ({ focused, color, size }) => {
          const iconName = route.name === 'Home'
            ? (focused ? 'home' : 'home-outline')
            : (focused ? 'settings' : 'settings-outline');
          return <Ionicons name={iconName} size={size} color={color} />;
        },
      })}
    >
      <Tab.Screen name="Home" component={HomeScreen} />
      <Tab.Screen name="Settings" component={SettingsScreen} />
    </Tab.Navigator>
  );
}

State Management

Zustand (Recommended)

import { create } from 'zustand';
import { persist, createJSONStorage } from 'zustand/middleware';
import AsyncStorage from '@react-native-async-storage/async-storage';

interface AuthStore {
  user: User | null;
  token: string | null;
  login: (user: User, token: string) => void;
  logout: () => void;
}

export const useAuthStore = create<AuthStore>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      user: null,
      token: null,
      login: (user, token) => set({ user, token }),
      logout: () => set({ user: null, token: null }),
    }),
    {
      name: 'auth-storage',
      storage: createJSONStorage(() => AsyncStorage),
    }
  )
);

React Query

import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider, useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';

const queryClient = new QueryClient();

// Wrap app
<QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
  <App />
</QueryClientProvider>

// Use in component
function ItemList() {
  const { data, isLoading, error, refetch } = useQuery({
    queryKey: ['items'],
    queryFn: fetchItems,
  });

  if (isLoading) return <ActivityIndicator />;
  if (error) return <Text>Error: {error.message}</Text>;

  return (
    <FlatList
      data={data}
      renderItem={({ item }) => <ItemRow item={item} />}
      keyExtractor={(item) => item.id}
      onRefresh={refetch}
      refreshing={isLoading}
    />
  );
}

Styling

StyleSheet

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    backgroundColor: '#ffffff',
  },
  row: {
    flexDirection: 'row',
    alignItems: 'center',
    justifyContent: 'space-between',
    padding: 16,
    borderBottomWidth: StyleSheet.hairlineWidth,
    borderBottomColor: '#ccc',
  },
  text: {
    fontSize: 16,
    color: '#333',
  },
  shadow: {
    shadowColor: '#000',
    shadowOffset: { width: 0, height: 2 },
    shadowOpacity: 0.1,
    shadowRadius: 4,
    elevation: 3, // Android
  },
});

NativeWind (Tailwind for RN)

npm install nativewind tailwindcss

import { Text, View } from 'react-native';

export function Card() {
  return (
    <View className="bg-white rounded-lg p-4 shadow-md">
      <Text className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900">
        Card Title
      </Text>
      <Text className="text-gray-600 mt-2">
        Card content goes here
      </Text>
    </View>
  );
}

Native Features

Camera (Expo)

import { Camera, CameraType } from 'expo-camera';

function CameraScreen() {
  const [permission, requestPermission] = Camera.useCameraPermissions();
  const cameraRef = useRef<Camera>(null);

  const takePicture = async () => {
    if (cameraRef.current) {
      const photo = await cameraRef.current.takePictureAsync();
      console.log(photo.uri);
    }
  };

  if (!permission?.granted) {
    return (
      <Button title="Grant Permission" onPress={requestPermission} />
    );
  }

  return (
    <Camera ref={cameraRef} style={styles.camera} type={CameraType.back}>
      <TouchableOpacity onPress={takePicture}>
        <Text>Take Photo</Text>
      </TouchableOpacity>
    </Camera>
  );
}

Push Notifications (Expo)

import * as Notifications from 'expo-notifications';
import { useEffect } from 'react';

Notifications.setNotificationHandler({
  handleNotification: async () => ({
    shouldShowAlert: true,
    shouldPlaySound: true,
    shouldSetBadge: false,
  }),
});

async function registerForPushNotifications() {
  const { status } = await Notifications.requestPermissionsAsync();
  if (status !== 'granted') return;

  const token = await Notifications.getExpoPushTokenAsync();
  return token.data;
}

// Listen for notifications
useEffect(() => {
  const subscription = Notifications.addNotificationReceivedListener(
    (notification) => {
      console.log(notification);
    }
  );
  return () => subscription.remove();
}, []);

Location

import * as Location from 'expo-location';

async function getLocation() {
  const { status } = await Location.requestForegroundPermissionsAsync();
  if (status !== 'granted') return;

  const location = await Location.getCurrentPositionAsync({});
  return {
    latitude: location.coords.latitude,
    longitude: location.coords.longitude,
  };
}

Performance

FlatList Optimization

<FlatList
  data={items}
  renderItem={renderItem}
  keyExtractor={(item) => item.id}
  // Performance optimizations
  initialNumToRender={10}
  maxToRenderPerBatch={10}
  windowSize={5}
  removeClippedSubviews={true}
  getItemLayout={(data, index) => ({
    length: ITEM_HEIGHT,
    offset: ITEM_HEIGHT * index,
    index,
  })}
/>

// Memoize render item
const renderItem = useCallback(
  ({ item }: { item: Item }) => <MemoizedItem item={item} />,
  []
);

const MemoizedItem = memo(({ item }: { item: Item }) => (
  <View>
    <Text>{item.name}</Text>
  </View>
));

Image Optimization

import { Image } from 'expo-image';

<Image
  source={{ uri: imageUrl }}
  style={{ width: 200, height: 200 }}
  contentFit="cover"
  placeholder={blurhash}
  transition={200}
  cachePolicy="memory-disk"
/>

Testing

Jest + React Native Testing Library

import { render, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react-native';
import { LoginScreen } from './LoginScreen';

describe('LoginScreen', () => {
  it('should login successfully', async () => {
    const onLogin = jest.fn();
    const { getByPlaceholderText, getByText } = render(
      <LoginScreen onLogin={onLogin} />
    );

    fireEvent.changeText(
      getByPlaceholderText('Email'),
      'test@example.com'
    );
    fireEvent.changeText(
      getByPlaceholderText('Password'),
      'password123'
    );
    fireEvent.press(getByText('Login'));

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(onLogin).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
        email: 'test@example.com',
        password: 'password123',
      });
    });
  });
});

App Store Deployment

Expo EAS Build

# Install EAS CLI
npm install -g eas-cli

# Configure
eas build:configure

# Build for iOS
eas build --platform ios

# Build for Android
eas build --platform android

# Submit to stores
eas submit --platform ios
eas submit --platform android

app.json Configuration

{
  "expo": {
    "name": "My App",
    "slug": "my-app",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "ios": {
      "bundleIdentifier": "com.mycompany.myapp",
      "buildNumber": "1"
    },
    "android": {
      "package": "com.mycompany.myapp",
      "versionCode": 1
    }
  }
}

Best Practices

DO:

• Use Expo for faster development
• Implement proper TypeScript types
• Use FlashList for large lists
• Handle keyboard properly
• Test on real devices

DON'T:

• Inline styles in render
• Skip memoization for lists
• Ignore platform differences
• Block JS thread with heavy computation
• Forget to handle deep linking