Format String Detection

Detection Workflow

1. Identify printf calls: Find printf, fprintf, sprintf, snprintf, syslog functions
2. Trace format string source: Use xrefs_to to trace format string to user input
3. Check format specifier: Verify if format string is constant literal or user-controlled
4. Assess exploitability: Can attacker control format string? Can they read/write memory?

Key Patterns

• printf(user_string) - user input as format string
• fprintf(file, user_input) - direct use of user input
• Memory read via %s, %x format specifiers
• Memory write via %n format specifier

Output Format

Report with: id, type, severity, confidence, location, sink, source, format string, format specifier status, exploitability, attack vector, evidence, mitigation.

Severity Guidelines

• CRITICAL: Format string with %n and user control
• HIGH: Format string with user control (read-only)
• MEDIUM: Format string with limited user control
• LOW: Format string with constant format string

See Also

• patterns.md - Detailed detection patterns and exploitation scenarios
• examples.md - Example analysis cases and code samples
• references.md - CWE references and mitigation strategies